Lincoln: One of America’s Best Film

Both President Clinton and House Speaker Newt Gingrich have referred to Lincoln Electric as an example of an American firm that is one of the best in the world. This statement may be bold, though holds truth in many respects and Lincoln managers like George Willis, who was the CEO in the late 1980s and early 1990s adds to this statement: â€Å"†¦ I believe that we are the best manufacturing company in the world. Lincoln Electric is best known for its productivity incentive program, which has been widely cited over the years, and has attracted thousands of managers to company†s headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio to learn about one of the country†s oldest and most radical pay-for-performance systems. Founded in 1895 by John Cromwell Lincoln to manufacture electric motors and generators, The Lincoln Electric Company shifted its resources into manufacturing arc-welding products in 1911. Today, welding products account for more than 90 percent of net sales and range from basic units for light manufacturing to highly sophisticated machines used in robotics applications and high-production welding and fabrication. The remaining income is generated by electric motors and oxy-fuel and plasma cutting tools. The company is also the leading producer of self-shielded cored-wire electrodes and currently holds ninety percent of the world market in this area. With its over a 100 year existence, Lincoln Electric has had a successful past with a few downtimes, like the one during the 1991 recession because of an ill-conceived foreign-acquisition spree. Even during this time, the company kept its promise to its U. S. workers to pay their bonuses and went to extremes such as borrowing $100 million in 1992 and 1993, even though it lost $84 million in those years. The retired CEO Donald F. Hastings quoted saying: â€Å"We can†t break our trust with this group because of management mistakes and recessions elsewhere. From this unique example, we can understand the company†s genuine commitment to its compensation system. However, some argue that, after the 1995 sale of 40% of the company†s equity to public, this traditional close-knit relationship between management and the workers got affected. Lincoln Electric employs 5,700 workers worldwide and operates 16 manufacturing sites and 17 distribution centers in 11 countries. In 1995, the company celebrated its centennial year by posting record sales of $1. 03 billion. With increasing sales every year after 1995 – $1. 09 in 1996, $1,159 in 1997, the company is holding its leadership position in the manufacture of arc welding equipment and consumables. Lincoln†s longstanding commitments to linking pay to both individual productivity and the profitability of the corporation makes it an ideal case study for any business student. In this paper, I will explain the unique pay-for-performance compensation system of Lincoln Electric as well as investigating this system in our class context, also explaining the international expansion of the company. Incentive Performance System: its strength and weaknesses It was James E. Lincoln, John Lincoln†s younger brother, whose philosophies and beliefs about workplace relations shaped Lincoln Electric†s unique culture during his long term as head of the company from 1914 to 1965. The firm has had only a handful of leaders in a century of operation, which are mostly promoted within the company. Likewise, jobs at Lincoln Electric plants are highly prized and employee turnover is low. I think it is impressive that no one has been laid off since 1948, and the turnover rate is less than 4% among those with at least 180 days on the job. â€Å"There isn†t any other place to work like Lincoln Electric, they take care of you. † says Kathleen Hoenigman, an 18-year veteran. In today†s competitive markets, it is important to have dependable highly skilled workers and Lincoln Electric clearly is a great employer according to some employees like Mrs. Hoenigman. Companies like Lincoln Electric can afford to provide consistent employment, no matter what, by working and managing better. Thinking ahead and having creative solutions for when there is a downturn is what management is all about,† Hastings said. It really makes sense when one thinks about this statement: if no one worried about losing their job, then employees would create change instead and this kind of an ideology would definitely have a great impact on productivity. High wages, high productivity, and a high level of trust between management and workers characterize the laborer-employee relationship and this culture at Lincoln. Policies such as the â€Å"open-door† policy helps build this trust and while encouraging the employees to bring suggestions for improvement also helps the management to have non edited, raw data from their workers. It is true that millions of American workers, from sales representatives to truckers, are paid on a commission basis or according to their output. Many others collect annual bonuses tied to their employers† profits and revenues. But Lincoln is nearly unique among large American companies, paying all shop-floor workers according to a formula based on how much they produce and how much the company earns. Lincoln Electric†s compensation package for factory workers consists of a piecework system for base wages and a year-end bonus. The piecework system however is probably the major part of the total incentive system at Lincoln Electric. With this system, a worker can make more per day or per week or per month during the year with or without a bonus. The workers are paid on the quality of what they produce. Thus, in a way, Lincoln†s 3,400 U. S. employees are supposed to be self-managing entrepreneurs. Each employee is accountable for the quality of his or her own works and is rated twice a year on quality, output, dependability, cooperation and ideas. The ratings determine how much of the total corporate bonus pool each worker will get, which comes on top of his or her hourly wage. There†s minimal supervision and employers only get paid when they work, and there is no sick or holiday pay, which created some problems for Lincoln Electric in their foreign subsidiaries. â€Å"How much money you make is in your own hands,† says Thomas Gadomski, a painting-crew leader. All 3,400 Lincoln Electric shop-floor workers do well, with wages averaging $58,000 in 1995 (the last year for which company would provide data), not counting the value of their decent package of medical, vacation and retirement benefits. On the other hand, the programs developed 40 years ago at Lincoln to boost the production are helping contain workers compensation costs. Gil Frey, director of employee benefits and relations, said the company saves about $44,000 per month as a result of its return-to-work strategies. Despite all the incentives and high salaries, the company, which is publicly traded in NYSE, hardly operates as a charity. 1997†³s net income of $85 million represented a 20 percent return on shareholder equity in a very competitive industry. Donald Hastings who is strong defender of the piecework system argues against the people, who consider the piecework system as a type of 19th Century pay system that was designed to take advantage of the worker, and he adds that it is what killed the piecework system in the U. S. Thus, he believes that the piecework system at Lincoln has fairly set rates. However, very few manufacturers have taken the pay-for-performance route, and the reasons are not actually hard to comprehend. For one thing, it is difficult to sustain large differences in pay for the same job category also measuring individual productivity in industrial settings can be a challenge all by itself, unless if you have a well established system like Lincoln. Yet I am sure that, at times inevitably there is ambiguity at Lincoln too, but clearly it is very minimum. These are some of the reasons why it would be difficult to replicate Lincoln†s success, because it also requires highly disciplined and motivated labor. Moreover, in addition to piecework bonus system, guaranteed employment up to 30 hours and the annual bonus system where employees are paid once a year up to an average of 50% to 60% -recent years† average- of the base pay created a sense of ownership among the employees. Lastly, as a result of all these incentive systems, the high productivity and high output rate with less defects, and innovation gives Lincoln Electric the competitive edge in the market. One manufacturing manager explained it perfectly: â€Å"We strive for high productivity based on employee effort, continuous improvement in production processes, and a seven-day-a-week utilization of equipment. By passing on cost savings to our customers, we generate very high demand that allows you to send everything you make straight out the door. † These are the main strengths of Lincoln Electric, but just like any other organization, Lincoln Electric have some weaknesses too. Unfortunately, the Lincoln incentive model is not quite the smashing success it once was. Problems started with the recession in 1991, and in 1995, after management stumbles forced the family-controlled manufacturer to sell more shares to the public. From that point on, Lincoln started looking more like a public company. With new shareholders, and new board members came new ideas, which had impacts on some of the core values of the company, and the worker bonuses has started getting smaller. At the same time, management was readying itself for an expansion to remain globally competitive, putting even more pressure on the balance sheet. Even though that very same year, the company celebrated its centennial year by posting record sales of over $1 billion and record earnings, this was a year of change for the workers. All those factors I listed above crimped bonuses. For workers who expect high bonuses if they deliver in output, this shift must have hurt their morale. As new global markets are emerging for Lincoln†s business, the company has started questioning and reviewing their one-of-a-kind pay system. The company is by no means ready to completely change or get rid of the incentive plan, which once paid employees 100% of their annual wages in annual performance linked bonuses. But now with the new markets that the company is in too, the executives are considering ways to move toward a more traditional pay scheme and away from the regular percentage-bonus formula, or may be a mixture of the two. â€Å"The bonus program is a good program, and it has worked well, but it†s got to be modified some,† says director David C. Lincoln, whose father John C. Lincoln founded Lincoln Electric. So, the question is for how long more Lincoln†s pay plan can survive rapid growth of the company and globalization? Also the wide range of wages cause some problems within the company. The average Lincoln factory worker earns $16. 54 an hour, vs. the $14. 25 average manufacturing wage in the Cleveland area. With a 56% average bonus in 1995 – the lowest in years – production employees came out ahead of workers elsewhere even after paying for health-care benefits. But unlike at other companies, Lincoln has huge variations in production-worker pay: from roughly $32,000 to more than $100,000 for the most hard-driving. There is also a tremendous pressure to produce, but an employee board meets regularly with the top management to report workers† concerns. And Lincoln guarantees work to employees with three years† experience. Still, it gets harder and harder everyday to live up to the old deal. Even though, the company has bounced back from stumbling overseas, it has yet more problems to overcome. During this period, Lincoln had financially weakened. To make better acquisitions and expand further, Lincoln made its first public offering in July 1995, pushing outsiders† stake to 40%. It also slashed total debt by 40% to $130 million, and paid a lower bonus per person, though the total bonus pool was a record $64 million. Naturally, slimmer bonuses somewhat changed employees† attitude towards the system and the company. In November of 1995, some employees protested outside headquarters after they learned of the bonus size. Also again during this period, the turnover among the new hires was high, and the disparate pay upset the veteran Lincoln employees. â€Å"If an individual shows he can handle the workload, he should be rewarded with full pay† commented Joseph Tuck, an inspector with 18 years at Lincoln. Because of the protests, CEO Hastings eliminated the two-tier wage on December 1, 1995. This was a dilemma for both the company and the workers, both of which had never experienced this kind of a situation before. To edit the pay system without causing any resentment, the company set up a committee to study the bonus program and had even hired Price Waterhouse to study productivity. Even though, Hastings pledged at the time that the incentive system would remain the same, over time, he wants employees to focus on the overall earnings, not just the percentage bonus they receive. And that should be a tough job to do, to implement this kind of an ideology in employees† mind, who has worked so many number of years in a fixed, particular system. Lincoln Electric†s International Expansion On other hand, as I have mentioned earlier in the paper, because of both legal and cultural issues, Lincoln†s basic systems like the incentive system and annual bonus pay system did not work in many of the overseas operations in the long run, even though at the beginning it was successful. And, I think Lincoln Electric had especially a hard time understanding that operating and international business calls for a lot more than just technological skill. Also, I believe that the company didn†t truly understand the cultures of those countries where it expanded. The general assumptions made, such as the belief that everybody in the world would be willing to work a little harder to enhance their lives and their families and their homes didn†t turn out to be true for everyone. It was an inaccurate assumption and this was one of the main reasons why the company had to pull out of Germany. The underlying reason for this was mainly because Lincoln Electric executives didn†t know how to manage an international operation, nor did they have the international experience. Furthermore, the way Lincoln had gone about expanding internationally was too rapid an unstructured. Also, there were other barriers such as high tariffs, high manufacturing costs, highly unionization and misconception of Lincoln Electric†s incentive system. After closing down plants in Germany, Brazil, Japan and Venezuela, and reporting losses from these operations in 1992 and 1993, I am sure Lincoln Electric is going to be very careful about not starting another acquisition spree. During these losses however, the company expanded the number of employees in the United States, but I am sure that the firm will be going back to overseas in the future. This time though, they want to be very careful in selecting the region for the new facility, as well as the managers and the workers. One of these new markets that Lincoln has interest in is the Asia-Pacific area, including mainland China, and the company is already in the process of getting some alliances in Indonesia and Malaysia. These new interest regions may shape the future of Lincoln Electric. If we were to make a cost-benefit analysis for Lincoln Electric, we would find out that the company has a lot of pluses. Even after all these charges against it, Lincoln†s pay system is likely to remain innovative than most. But as it tries to hire more outsiders, expand further abroad and modernize, â€Å"we†re getting to be a more normal company,† says Director Frank L. Steingass. That may not be quite what eager visitors to the headquarters in Cleveland, who want to learn the secret of incentive system expect to hear. But if Lincoln can adapt to new times without sacrificing employee good will, another model pay plan may yet emerge out of this company. The over century long history and tradition, along with great organizational and pay systems, Lincoln Electric has a very strong organizational culture, especially in the United States. However, with the new emerging markets around the world today, Lincoln Electric can not afford to stay out of the global competition. Finally, I believe that its employees will always move Lincoln Electric to greater heights, no matter what. The former CEO Donald Hastings states this idea in a very profound way: â€Å"It†s a two-way street at Lincoln. We look after our people and they look after us. â€Å"

Mrs. Turner Cutting the Grass Essay

In the short story â€Å"Mrs. Turner Cutting the Grass† by Carol Shields, the ideology of not judging a book by its cover can be seen as a main theme of the story as it shows the main character, Geraldine being judged by everyone that surrounds her all throughout her life. Shields demonstrates this by taking the audience on a journey through her life giving the reader flashbacks of her life as a young teen to a sight to see on a hot afternoon in June, giving a perspective of a static character development as she remains stubborn and oblivious all throughout her life. This is depicted through third person narration, which presents a conflict of man vs. society point of view within Mrs. Turner’s life. The narration throughout the story is in third person as the narrator always refers to the main character as Mrs. Turner, Geraldine or Girlie instead of using the first person perspective. The point of view is from a single narration that is omniscient since we are given other characters perspectives towards Mrs. Turner and how they feel about her. Throughout the story, she is depicted as impulsive, rebellious, getting herself stuck in bad situations and instead of working out her problems she runs away. The Man vs. Society conflict perspective can be seen through the way other people evaluate her and her life choices. She is negatively judged, for example, by the way she carelessly the cuts the grass, her negligent use of the weed killer and even in the professor’s poem â€Å"The Golden Pavilion†, which contrasts the American tourist, in this case represented by Geraldine and her sisters, describing Geraldine as a â€Å"little pug of a women† against the majesty and beauty of the golden pavilion of Kyoto Japan. The professor, in this poem, depicts her ignorance and outward appearance in a negative light implying a shallow, superficial life. Interestingly, we are told little about how the character sees herself. Given the fact that Geraldine dropped out of high school at the age of sixteen and worked at the Boissevain Dairy until the age of nineteen, it could be assumed that perhaps her life was really quite difficult.

Did the Framers of the constitution intend that a corporation be Research Paper

Did the Framers of the constitution intend that a corporation be classified as a person for the purpose of being sued and suing - Research Paper Example 208). Persons, according to Roman law, do not have any kind of existence outside that of the legal sphere, and the law recognizes entities, regardless of whether or not they have a biological status. This view is called the â€Å"fiction theory† – this means that the personality of a corporation is a fiction, and that the corporation owes its very existence to the state (French, 1979, p. 208). Rivaling this theory in American jurisprudence is that of the â€Å"Legal Aggregate Theory of the Corporation† – this means that the corporate body is a shield or an umbrella for the individual persons that make up that corporation. In this theory, biological status is what matters, and has legal priority. In this theory, the corporation is synonymous with the board of directors and other leaders of the companies, while employees are generally ignored (French, 1979, p. 209). Another competing theory is that of the Germans, who regard corporations as having a de jarte personality, â€Å"which the law only declares to be a judicial fact† (French, 1979, p. 209). ... What is needed is a Reality Theory that identifies a de facto metaphysical person not just a sociological entity† (French, 1979, p. 210) While these are the popular theories about corporate personhood, the focus of this paper is whether or not the Framers meant for a corporation to be considered a person for the purposes of suing and being sued is a question that has a confused answer. The answer is confused because Supreme Court decisions have contradictory analysis on whether or not a corporation is considered to be a person under the Constitution as written. One case indicated that a corporation can sue in its own name, but that the corporation itself is not a citizen, but, rather, is composed of individual citizens, and that these individual citizens are what a court must look to when deciding if a court has jurisdiction over corporation lawsuits. Another case says, no, a corporation is an entity of its own, and the individual members of the corporation are not what matters – what matters is the corporation itself. The differences between these two cases is that the former was a case involving corporate lawsuits and the latter involved a corporation’s ability to make contracts. Then along came a case whose dicta established that a corporation is a person, but did not give any kind of reasoning behind why it believes this to be so. Nevertheless, this is considered to be a landmark case in that the case affirmatively established that a corporation is indeed a person. But, since the reasoning behind this is unclear, it is likewise unclear as to whether this court decided that the Framers intended this to be so. In other words, the Supreme Court cases that have dealt with the issue of corporate personhood,

Character Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Character Analysis - Essay Example Their similarities in handling situations in the story were evidently exhibited from the manner by which they apparently lived in secrecy. At the beginning of the story, it was revealed that when Emily Grierson died, the townsfolk, especially women, were immensely curious to see the inside of the house since no one, except â€Å"an old man-servant--a combined gardener and cook--had seen in at least ten years† (Faulkner 1). Emily, on the other hand, was noted to have been in recluse and has kept â€Å"her front door remained closed, save for a period of six or seven years, when she was about forty† (Faulkner 7). These traits exhibited these two characters preference for isolation, secrecy and reclusion by keeping the doors to the house close: â€Å"the front door closed upon the last one and remained closed for good† (Faulkner 8). In addition, it was revealed in the story that both characters hardly even talked; either to each other or even with other people. They manifested coldness, indifference, and obliviousness of what other have to say. As cited about Tobe: â€Å"we had long since given up trying to get any information from the Negro. He talked to no one, probably not even to her, for his voice had grown harsh and rusty, as if from disuse† (Faulkner 8). Of Emily, the townspeople allegedly describe her as passing â€Å"from generation to generation--dear, inescapable, impervious, tranquil, and perverse† (Faulkner 8). She apparently had not interacted with any other character in town, except when Emily was visited by the members of the Board of Aldermen to collect taxes; of which, her response were cold and firm, as her actions indicate banishment and indifference to abiding by their purpose. As such, both characters where seen by the townsfolk only as fleeting and described them as aging figures. Tobe was described as frequently seen going in and out of the house; without much interaction and interpersonal relationships wi th the townsfolk. As disclosed, â€Å"daily, monthly, yearly we watched the Negro grow grayer and more stooped, going in and out with the market basket† (Faulkner 8). Concurrently, the same physical description was noted for Emily: â€Å"during the next few years it grew grayer and grayer until it attained an even pepper-and-salt iron-gray, when it ceased turning† (Faulkner 7). Finally, these characters showed similarities in handling challenges and trials in life: they kept everything to themselves and seemingly denying the realities of life. Tobe, who apparently knew everything that was going on in Emily’s house, refused to neither divulge any secrets nor defy the confidence given him by his master. Emily, on the other hand, handled both deaths in her family (through denying his father’s death; and again, for poisoning Homer Barron and keeping his dead body in the house) through fits of denial. It could actually be inferred that Emily could be exhibitin g symptoms of mental illness: â€Å"the inability to either feel or demonstrate appropriate affect, or emotion, that is congruent to a particular situation is one of the

Research, Evidenced-Based Practice and global health Essay

Research, Evidenced-Based Practice and global health - Essay Example Nurses like all healthcare professionals have the responsibility and privilege of providing the best possible care for their patients in order to quickly relieve them of their illness or at the very least, make their lives more comfortable despite having a particular disease or physical handicap. Getting the best patient outcome in the least amount of time can be achieved through many different ways; however, there are a lot of considerations that needs to be factored in before taking on a course of treatment for a patient. Evidence-based Practice (EBP) is an integrative and dynamic approach to patient care that has been proven effective in many different hospitals and on thousands of patients from around the world. Because of its successes, EBP should be used as the standard for patient care for nurses both here and abroad. There has been a significant increase in the amount of healthcare literature generated all around the world. Every year, millions of dollars get channeled into funding for these endeavors. These literary resources were primarily developed in order to find new or improve the techniques, equipment, and nurse’s or other health care professional’s approach to be used in providing the best possible care and or treatment for patients (Majid et al., 2011). Research and nursing literature are not the only source of knowledge that can be applied to make patient care better. The experience acquired by nurses in the conduct of their profession can also contribute greatly in making decisions on the best method to be implemented for a patient’s treatment. The decision making process for patient care should also be in accordance with local and international standards, as well as take into consideration the individual needs, and values of the patient. Evidence-based practice i ntegrates all these considerations

The 4 Classical Activities in Client Relationship Management Assignment

The 4 Classical Activities in Client Relationship Management - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that through market orientation, value creation, and use of innovative IT, a firm is able to increase the number of first-time customers. After the purchase of a given product, the business heads for the second goal, retaining the clients. Customer retention is an imperative part of running a business. If customers do not become loyal clients, it becomes difficult to have referrals to the business and even more difficult to make predictions on demand. In other words, a firm must adopt strategies that help retain the customers who already made a purchase. While most customers would come back to buy the same product if they trust the seller as the best dealer of a particular merchandise, customers may come back for other goods and services, which brings about the third classical activity of CRM, extension. In customer extension, customers must be return customers first. This way, they return to buy products they have purchased before from which the firm introduce s them to other products and services. Sometimes the products may not even relate to those they had purchased before. The goal of a firm is to retain them as loyal customers offering them as diverse products as possible. Customer selection, lastly, involves knowing who the target is, what value they bring to the firm’s objectives, their life cycle, and where to find the customers. Without this knowledge, a firm may not make proper decisions in marketing and so on.

Ph conductivity lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ph conductivity - Lab Report Example The colour change in observed in each of the solutions was recorded and later used to determine if the solutions were either basic or acidic. From the experiment on PH, it was observed that despite the different outputs of the indicators the colours and digital signatures tally with standard conventions even when verified against an electronic PH probe. Conductivity measurement can be utilized in the surveillance of purity of feed water, quality control of drinking water and process water. It estimates the total number of ions in a solution or directly measures the constituents of the sample. Conductivity instrumentation is highly reliable, low cost and very sensitive (Gray, 2006 p.1). The conductivity of water provides information on its chemical composition as it is directly linked to the concentration of ions and their mobility (Dalmas, n.d, p. 1). From figure 1, it is observed that as the concentration of ions in a solution increases so does the conductivity. Conductivity measurements are based upon the Measurement of electric current flowing between parallel plates of fixed size and fixed separation distance (leveling, 2002. P. 1). Electrical conductivity is dependent on the PH, temperature and dissolved carbon dioxide. Conductivity can either be intrinsic or extraneous. It has been reported that soil solutions presenting high concentrations of sodium chloride with electrical conductivity of between 6 to 10 mmho/cm can be associated with a 50% decline in rice yield and in addition high PH of alkaline soils induces zinc deficiency (Breemen and Moorman, p.121). pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the solution and is measured by determination of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) or hydroxyl ions (OH-) present in the solution. The assembly of a pH meter comprises of a pH sensitive electrode that is commonly made of glass, a reference electrode, and a temperature element that

Business idea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business idea - Essay Example Parents are the primary customers since they shall be giving the orders, remitting the payments, and providing the specifications that the company is required to meet, although target for the services offered are the children to be served in their schools. The target population is expected to grow at a rate of 1.7% per annum, and consists of 18.2% of the total population stratified on the basis of age. The social benefit provided by the firm is the chance it affords parents and schools to prevent the rise of childhood obesity by making healthier choices for their children’s food. Technological advances enable the firm to acquire orders and specification is a speedy and systematic way, which in turn helps the company to plan ahead and minimize wastage while maximizing customer satisfaction. Distribution and logistics are vital to the business because of the need to avoid spoilage and ensure the customer gets his/her order on time and in top condition. The firm’s financial forecasts show it to be highly tenable, and the needed capital may be raised by equity financing and bank loans. The business concept proposes to provide healthy cafeteria and canteen foods for schoolchildren within their school. The idea of providing for a healthy cafeteria food service for the larger schools, and canteen services for smaller schools, came from an insight developed from ‘Serious Eats,’ from a periodically updated website on the Internet which monitors school lunches in Australia (Serious Eats, 2013). According to the article, lunch cafeterias are few in Australia, and there are places where none exist. There are canteens where children can buy what they want from the menu choices each day. Where these facilities exist, however, the price is expensive (AUD 6 for small containers of the hot foods). 2.2 Service concept: The service extends to the parents who have contact with the lunch provider

Benefits of Plea Bargaining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Benefits of Plea Bargaining - Essay Example Plea bargaining is the procedure through which a person accused for an offense concurs to appeal for being culpable to a slighter crime in switch over for a gentle punishment, a lessening of accuses, or further advantages. For years judges, prosecutors, and lawyers have acknowledged plea bargaining for speediness of the execution of the packed courts. Plea bargaining is being gradually more disparaged, though, it does not press the trial to confirm the defendant's fault further than a logical uncertainty, refutes the charged one a adjudicators tribunal, and permits various defendants to descend very imperceptibly. (Fisher, 2004) The plea bargaining practice is quite well institutionalized in the judicial system of USA. It seems to function proficiently and speedily. However, there is always a question whether this current day practice is capable of defending the legitimate civil liberties and to attain ultimate fairness and impartiality consistent with the USA perception correct procedure expressed by criminal justice judicial system or whether it has simply turned into a superficial and ineffective process a self governing status. (Fisher, 2007) 1. Benefits of Plea Bargaining 1. As stated by Jones (1978) flexibility is being provided through plea bargaining which is necessary for changing for turning out substantive fairness. However, in spite of or because of its predominance, plea bargaining still stay a notorious exercise in the world of crime and punishment. The concern that blameless defendant may appeal accountable stimulates frequently impassioned argument about the topic. 2. An agreement made between the charged individual and the prosecutor whereby the defendant may appeal guilty to switch over to either a slighter punishment or an abridged accuse, is usually referred as Plea Bargaining. (Alschuler, 1979) He further states that the agreement of plea bargaining takes place between the offender and the prosecutor to enable the defendant to avail reduced sentence and presently in US criminal act convictions almost 95% are resolved through such plea bargaining. Characteristically, such agreements can be divided into three types: Verdict bargaining Count bargaining Charge bargaining. 3. When there is no certainty of the ultimate judgment of a hearing, the defendant may take a benefit of plea of guilty by copping a plea, as an alternative of attending the trial. This will lessen the ambiguity of the hearing. Thus, in this case the plea bargain seems to provide a liberty of selection to the charged individual. 4. As viewed from the perception of the state, plea bargaining is beneficial in terms of economizing both time and resources while obtaining a guilty conviction. The fact is recognized by all legal experts that each and every filed case is not meant for a trial otherwise the entire judicial system may disintegrate if so many trials are executed. (Amoury, 2002) 5. The plea bargaining seems to be more impartial for both the witnesses and potential judges. It is imaginable that

Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Decision Making - Essay Example When a group experiences the threat of groupthink, as Freeman (1999, p. 249) opines, it would consider few alternatives in its decision making processes. Moreover, it heeds little attention to distinctive ideas and experts’ advice. At this juncture, the role of a project manager is crucial in leading the group to yield the best outcome. This paper will discuss the major impacts of groupthink on decision making and five major tactics that a project manager can put forth to evade this threat. Illusion of invulnerability As mentioned in the introduction, groups that experience groupthink presumably seek little advice from external sources or experts. It normally happens due to their illusion of infallibility or stereotypical nature. In order to avoid these threats, it is advisable to ‘invite different perspectives’ into the decision making process (Thompson, 2006, 177). The author also points out that the absence of different perspective has been the major causes of several corporate or governmental failures in the history (Thompson). Getting intimidated The bigger the team the higher is the chance to be vulnerable to groupthink. Therefore, the project manager should frequently monitor the size of the team so that it would ensure the spontaneous participation of all members. In addition, in order to get rid of members’ fear, the ‘risk technique’ could be implemented. ... Pressure of uniformity This is another identified symptom of groupthink. In a group that gives higher importance to uniformity, diversity of opinion is less expected. Subsequently members tend to suppress their personal perspectives with intent to preserve group cohesion. It will deteriorate the quality of decision as the group is less likely to consider various dimensions of the issue addressed. A leader who would stand impartial might be apt to this situation. In addition, the decision can be delayed by keeping the meeting for another occasion. As per this tactic, â€Å"teams may be given guidelines that emphasize continued solicitations of solutions, protection of individuals from criticism, keeping the discussion problem centered, and listing all solutions before evaluating them† (Maier, 1952 cited in Thompson, 2006, p. 176-77). Over dependence on leader Members of a group sometimes tend to rely on the abilities of its leader. This over dependence later gives way to their frustration as the leader would not meet the expected levels of performance in the overall task. This is also one of the negative outcomes of groupthink which can be avoided only by promoting the full-fledged efforts of every member. In order to ensure active participation, manager should confirm the size and structure of the group while assigning tasks. Once the group is identified for its passive response the assigned task, it can be asked for finding â€Å"a second solution or decision recommendation as an alternative to their first choices† (Thompson, 2006, p. 179). The process can be intensified further by using time pressure on members to reach decision by solving the problems assigned to each member. This tactic

Mr S Ndzimba at Uj Essay Example for Free

Mr S Ndzimba at Uj Essay Redemption Song Analysis â€Å"Redemption Song,† a magnificently composed song by Bob Marley relates to oppression and deliverance of African slaves, who were brought from Africa to Jamaica. The general theme of this song is the beauty of the redemption of people after oppression. Support of this theme is found in Bob Marley’s connotation and tone. Connotation, the diction of words, is the most significant aspect of this song that supports the theme. Bob Marley’s terminology is responsible for creating a truly entrancing song. Bob initiates the song on a delicate level by describing the obliteration of the African people by slavery; â€Å"Oh pirates yes they rob I; / Sold I to the merchant ships, / Minutes after they took I / From the bottomless pit. (Marley 1-4). These very lines portray the appalling technique used to take Africans from their homeland to toil for others. The next line, â€Å"But my hand was made strong / By the hand of the Almighty. / We forward in this generation/ Triumphantly,† (Marley 5-8) illustrates the authority given to the slaves by God. Through His hand, the present generation has been capable of moving onward and prospering. The most eminent lines of the song, â€Å"Emancipate yourself from mental slavery / None but ourselves can free our minds† sustains thought that it is not the responsibility of the oppressors to free the oppressed; this assignment can only be completed by the oppressed themselves. Through the complete song, Bob Marley maintains an optimistic tone. He appears to believe that through all the pain and agony of slaves his generation will be able to formulate a difference. Evidence of this is found in the lines â€Å"We forward in the generation / Triumphantly† (Marley 3-4). This strictly means that descendents of Africans have been given an opportunity to right and improve the prospects their ancestors never had. Overall, â€Å"Redemption Song† is a incredibly stunning song that relates to not only African slaves but all others that have been oppressed. Bob Marley’s main purpose of this song is that, in the end, it is up to the oppressed to determine their freedom and destiny.

How does Edger Allan Poe Use Language to Create a Sense of Drama Intention Essay Example for Free

How does Edger Allan Poe Use Language to Create a Sense of Drama Intention Essay The Tell Tail Heart, by Edger Allan Poe, is a novel in which tension and expectation play essential roles to the readers experience. The audience, generally well educated widely read adults, would appreciate this novel as a recollection of a clearly insane man. In order to tell you the whole story Poe has written somewhat of an early psychological thriller, creating a mental portrait of a mad protagonist, who details the killing of an old man, and later hears his victims relentless heartbeat. The opening sets up a contrast of sanity versus insanity, creating a psychological chaos that enraptures the reader. Drama intention is portrayed through a variety of ways, all working cohesively with one another to create an over all sense of embossed insanity and powerful emotion. The way in which the opening is written gives the reader an immediate clue to the mental state of the protagonist. The very first line; True! nervous very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? uses all three tenses within one shortened period. This reflects the narrators excitement, suggesting that his mind is jittery, jumping about with different thoughts and ideas. An elevated use of punctuation reinforces this effect, as it means the text does not flow, creating sentence fragmentation, allowing the reader to comprehend the elevated mental state of the protagonist. It is not yet made clear to the reader as to why the narrator is excited in this manner, he appears to be worked up about something, causing the reader to grow curious and excited themselves about the prospect of finding out what is causing his fuss. Poe has used the tactic of withholding information strongly within the first paragraph, causing the monologue to become somewhat of a gradual revelation. This allows Poe to hold the reader in suspense, consequentially creating a heightened level of dramatic tension. Written in a first person narrative, it is made very clear that the monologue is of the form of a speech to the reader. This effect is achieved by the extensive use of punctuation and colloquial terminology. As it is a monologue, there is a suggestion or effect that he is confessing his thoughts to the reader. This means that the piece is almost as if we can see into the mind of the protagonist. Allowing the reader to see a unique view of the thoughts and feelings of another. The form of the text is not over zealous or important, however the contrast of the content and the form is very clear. The piece is written in standard, respectable paragraphed prose, contrasting the disturbing and gruesome content of the novel. The language employed, and the literary devices it is used within, is the primary way in which Poe has succeeded in creating this suspenseful piece. Punctuation is used to great effect, embellishing the sentences to create the narrative confession of the protagonist. Extensive use of exclamation marks, hyphens, and semi colons are all relied upon to create sentence fragments and colloquial, broken text. The reader is given an immediate sense of excitement and instability; in True! nervous- very very dreadfully nervous. This suggests that the protagonist is jumpy and in a chaotic mental state. As an opening this proves to be attention gauging, as the reader is unaware of the motive for excitement. This is extended throughout by a heightened use of fragmentation through hyphens. The line, Sharpened my senses not destroyed not dulled them reiterates the form of a monologue, reinforcing the idea of speech to the reader, using the sentence fragment as a chance to find some self affirmation. Therefore the reader is allowed to see the within the mind of the criminal, giving them a unique insight to the way he thinks allowing greater involvement and understanding from the reader. This is an unlikely experience as the protagonist shows signs of mental instability and therefore would create a very interesting subject for the reader to asses from a psychological point of view. An extensive vocabulary and heightened lexis is employed throughout the piece, suggesting that the piece is aimed at the well educated adult. The majority of the novel is comprised of Standard English, with a small number of colloquialisms spread throughout, allowing the protagonist to appear both educated and well-spoken. This creates an interesting contrast to his actions, as it is not the norm to have well educated, (supposedly well judged and reasoned) people committing a very irrational act such as murder. The monologue is written in the form of a conventional novel, but primarily in the form of a narrative first person. Hints of confession to the audience are found, intertwined with the use of direct address, with colloquial terms such as Ha! and the use of rhetorical questions, for example why will you say that I am mad? Poe has used these devices to thoroughly involve the audience within the piece. The result of this is that the reader is manipulated to feel like part of the story and therefore feel the tension created at a greater effect. Poe has employed various forms of imagery within the piece. He describes that the hinges creaked on the old wooden door. This is a little clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d however acts very successfully in creating a picture within the mind of the reader. This is done by almost sub-consciously relating back to childrens stories, where an old creaking door would make the entrance to a spooky castle in which an evil witch lived. This very definite image of the eerie or spooky, reinforces that the novel is somewhat of a refined horror. Creaking doors are often used to create a dramatic atmosphere, and Poe has clearly played on this link and used it to his advantage to create a scary situation for the reader. Animal imagery, coupled with an extended metaphor is also used to great effect. It is suggested that the old man that is to be killed is in possession of an evil eye. This eye becomes the protagonists excuse for killing the man, and so it is capitalised upon as a reason. This develops into an extended metaphor when it is referred to as a vulture eye and later, it is suggested that his eye resembled that of a vulture. A vulture is an animal commonly associated with evil and malice. This provokes a similar reaction or opinion of the old man from the narrator, however the reader is still left considering the sanity of the protagonist, and therefore is more reluctant to hold the same opinion as him over the justification of killing the old man. The irrational killing about to happen is used to put the reader on edge, creating intense suspension and a heightened expectation of the approaching events. Clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s provide an interesting platform on which Poe entertains the reader. My blood ran cold, provides a very clear sense of the emotional situation of the protagonist. This allows us to observe the effect that the eye has on the narrator. Blood ran cold suggests fear and apprehension, as this is a very human emotion, the reader has a rare chance to sympathise with the protagonist. This is somewhat ironic as the narrator is very far from the stereotypical hero, and yet the reader is ready to find an appealing quality in the character. In order to interpret the piece properly the reader must pay close attention to both the syntax and the repetition of language, used conjunctively to create a dramatic effect. Object there was none, passion there was none is a primary example. The repetition of none creates a very distinctive rhythm, whilst the double use of five syllable sentence fragments forms a very recognisable syntax. In this case it creates a sense of ruthlessness and suggests that the protagonist will stop at nothing in order to achieve his goal. Repetition of closed in closed closed creates emphasis on the words, displaying to the reader his self affirmation that his actions are good. This is reinforced by the use of oh so cunningly making it clear that (in his opinion) he is very skilled at what he is doing, and consequentially commending his efforts. This is further enhanced by the narrators egocentricity. Use of I is extensive throughout, (which is partially natural during a monologue) however, it is used to such an extent that the reader is led to believe that the protagonist is almost obsessed with himself and his own actions, reiterating the previous suggestion of psychological instability. The author has included various forms of irony within the novel. The narrator is seen inquiring how he (the old man) had passed the night explaining how he asks the old man how his night was even though he already knows, seen as he was there and watching him in his sleep. This involves the reader as they feel as if they are let in on a secret (seen as they know that the narrator was with the man last night) making the reader feel involved as they are aware of a secret of which another character is not raising tension and expectation. Further use of direct address to the reader, is that narrator suggests to the reader that you fancy me mad. This forces audience intervention, we are expected to assume, or are at least are accused of assumption that the narrator is mad. This means that the audience are forced to participate, further involving the reader within the story. By this statement Poe has grouped the reader with the rest of the characters within the novel, suggesting they are a collective of people who doubt his sanity. This is in fact true as the protagonist is clearly insane. Syntax plays a key role in the way in which this novel is read. It is clearly set, and easily recognisable throughout the text, varying in both tempo and patterning. Definite patterns in language are used; I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. creating a very obvious rhythm in which the words are read, also further enforcing the very bleak and ruthless appearance to his actions. The Tell-Tale Heart, a horror story of crime and murder, can easily be recognised as a heavily dramatic novel. Poe, In consequence to the timing in which it was written, has created a strongly macabre piece, that in its day was probably very horrific and shocking. The way in which society has adapted to accept more and more gruesome revelations means that this tale may not be so shocking to the modern day reader, but was quite a feat in its time. It is however, still evident that the novel, in particular the opening, contains many devices employed in conjunction with one another to create a sense of drama intention. This is used to great effect, causing the reader to appreciate the dramatics of the novel, whilst becoming deeply involved with the plot.

Animals for food and clothing | Debate

Animals for food and clothing | Debate Living things throughout the world have been abused by loved ones and strangers for no reason at all. Abuse has been apart of our world for as long as we can remember. It is a common thing to hear about in the news and is something that should not be so common. There are many types of abuse in the world, such as emotional, physical, and verbal. It is common to think that only humans suffer from those types of abuse but it is not exactly true. Animals in this world suffer from emotional, verbal, and physical abuse just as much as humans do. It is even safe to say that in some cases they suffer much more then humans do from the abuse they deal with. One thing that humans have over animals when it comes to abuse is the ability to ask for help. Humans can ask family members, or any one else to help them get through the abuse they are dealt with. Animals, on the other hand, have no way to communicate and to ask for help. They have to put up what they dealt with which is truly upsetting an d wrong. This paper is designed to broaden ones perspective on the things animal go through when being raised for food, clothing, and in slaughterhouses. It is also designed to explain how places such as factory farms pollute the world. A. Animals Raised for Food Throughout time animals have been seen as companions and a source of food. The only hope of survival for many, especially in the winter, was to eat meat. Meat gave them protein and was a source of food that was always readily available to be hunted. The days of animals being hunted in their natural environment for food are long gone. For the purpose of this paper it is important to understand how animals were killed for food back in the day and now. Animals are going from living in the wild the way they want to before being killed for food to being mutilated and treated poorly so that the best piece of meat can be obtained. Raising animals for food has become a cruel and wrongful event. These animals are put on special diets where they do not get all the nutrients they need to survive. They are neglected and mutilated. They are genetically manipulated, and put on drugs that cause chronic pain and crippling. These animals live in broken down, disease-ridden and filthy sheds. They live in such confined areas that it is impossible to move or get comfortable. They have to travel long distances in any kind of weather imaginable to get to the slaughterhouses. They have to travel these gruesome trips without food or water because it is too much trouble for the owner of the factory farms to supply food and water for the animals before they die (PETA). Cows are one of the animals that are killed most often for their meat. Dairy cows, for example, have to deal with being pregnant for their whole life so that they will always be able to produce milk. They have to basically go through a never ending cycle of being pregnant and giving birth. They are kept chained to the barn stall for the entire time that they are able to give milk. Once they are emptied of all their milk they are sent to the slaughterhouse so that their meat can be used for hamburgers (Global Action Network). Calves have a different fate. Veal calves have the worst life of them all. They have to stand in a 22 by 54 crate which is their permanent home. In this cage they cannot turn around or lay down. The purpose of these crates is to prevent movement so that the calfs muscles are tender. The more tender the muscles, the more gourmet the veal is. These calves are also put on special diets. They are fed milk substitutes that do not contain iron or other essential vitami ns. Up to fourteen weeks after birth these calves are slaughtered and the veal is sent to stores so we can eat it(veal: a cruel meal). Horses are an animal that we humans would never think would be abused for food. Yet people around the world are taking an animal that is meant to be a companion to humans and slaughtering them for their meat. In the United States of America (USA) it is against the law in most states to slaughter horses, but there is still some states that are allowed to do it, Texas and Illinois are examples. These horses are kept in extreme conditions and not cared about. They are sent to the slaughterhouses in trailers that should fit four horses but are stuffed with so many more. The horse meat is used for humans to eat, and is used in dog food. Horses also used to be killed to be used to make glue. Most of the people that live in the areas where slaughtering horses is legal think it is wrong to murder horses and do not want to take part in it. They also find that eating horse meat is repulsive and just wrong (SHARK). In Canada today there is about 18 million pigs being raised for pork. Sows, which are mother pigs, live a life like those of a dairy cow. They endure constant pregnancies and births, reaching a number of about 8 to 10 births in their life time. They live their entire life in farrowing crates which are just bigger then them and that have no bedding. They live on a concrete floor and have to deal with birth and pregnancy on that cold dirty floor. The piglets live in the farrowing crates for 2 weeks then are moved to a feeder pen. Some of the piglets, about 15%, die off due to the poor living conditions they have to deal with. The others are sent to be castrated and have their tails cut off, teeth ground, and ears notched, which is all done without any pain medicine used. The piglets live in stalls that have manure pits underneath them; this means they are basically living in their own feces for their entire life. They live up to they reach market weight which is 250 pounds and then are shipped to slaughterhouses (Global Action Network). Chickens are also commonly raised for food and by-products. Chickens raised for eggs are kept in wired cages measuring 40cm by 45 cm. These cages are not just to hold one chicken, but up to six chickens. The lack of space prevents the chickens from doing anything such as moving or stretching out their wings. Due to the conditions they live in, 1 in 5 chickens die. The other hens are killed after close to 2 years. Broiler chickens live in dark sheds that are extremely crowded. Living in these conditions cause most of the chickens to have hysteria, which causes stampeding and suffocation. The stress the chickens are put under can even bring upon cannibalism. These chickens go through this life for a few years before being sent to the slaughterhouses. (global action network) B. Animals Raised for Clothing Animals have been used for clothing for as long as one can remember. The pioneers of this nation once hunted and killed animals but when they did this they used every part of the animal possible. They ate the meat and they took the fur and used it to make clothing so that they could stay warm. It is important to understand that those days are sadly over. Now animals are being raised just for the purpose of their furs and/or leathers. Millions of animals are killed every year for the clothing industry (PETA). These animals endure great suffering so humans can have that nice leather jacket or fur coat to wear. Fur farms are not a four star place for animals. The animals are kept in wire cages with four to five animals in each cage. These animals live in filthy cages and live lives not much better then those that live in factory farms. The owners of these fur farms do not want to put much money into them. They tend to want to keep the money for themselves and leave all the barns to ruin and fall apart. They also tend to pick the cheapest and cruellest ways to murder the animals for their fur (PETA). There are many fur farms in Canada that have been around since the beginning of the 1900s. These farms raise fox, mink, racoon, marten, and lynx. (Canadian Encyclopedia). Canadian fur farms have to operate under certain Codes of Practice developed by the Provincial and Federal Government. (appendix) (candianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) The most common and valuable Canadian fur bearer is the mink (The Canadian Encyclopaedia). The mink is a member of the weasel family and was first raised in the Canada during 1866-67 (Canadian Encyc. P.1). Mink are aggressive and have to be held with a certain care because they tend to bite often and have thick leather mitts. At first the mink are housed in wire cages with two or three of them per cage. Once they become adults they are housed one mink per cage (ency p.2). These minks are properly fed their meat based diets and also the vitamins the need to survive (Ency. P. 3). They also receive proper bedding and nesting to survive (ency. P.4). When the time comes the mink are killed by carbon monoxide poisoning and then skinned for their furs. This type of practice, where the animal is given some dignity, is only given in Canada and not all animals are as lucky. Animals in China are not so lucky. Most of the fur that is found in stores comes from Chinese fur farms due to the fact that China is one of the largest distributers of furs. Back in 2005, an investigation was done by the Human Society International in the Hebei province of Eastern China. The investigation by the Human Society International (2005) brought about the following evidence Investigators witnessed a significant number of animals that were still alive when the skinning process began-starting with a knife at the rear of the belly and ending with the fur being pulled over the animals head. After the skin was removed, investigators taped animals being thrown on a pile of other carcasses. These animals were still breathing, had a heartbeat, and continued moving and blinking for between five to ten minutes after their skin had been ripped from their bodies. Before these animals even go through the skinning process they are forced to live in cramped cages with more then one animal in each cage. These cages are tiny enough and the more animals that are in it the more anxiety that builds up in the animals. They pace, nod, and circle their heads in such a way that shows they are helpless and scared.(human international). These animals are forced to live outdoors in all types of weather conditions. The mothers that give birth often kill their litters before they have the chance to live the life that she is going through.(PETA) Leather is one of the most common clothing elements that all humans have. Leather made in Canada and the USA is made in conditions that are healthier for the animals then the farms in India. India is a larger supplier of the worlds leather. Cows in India go through the process of having their throats cut and the skin ripped off their bodies while still alive (PETA). Leather is not a by-product of cows. It is a way of adding to the value of a dead animal at the slaughterhouse and adds support to the industry.(animal equality). Humans do not really understand how much leather is apart of their lives and the pain and anguish that the cows go through to give them that leather, if it is from India that is. Wool is another common element used in clothing from animals. Most people think that the wool from sheep is obtained by shaving the sheep down. That is the proper safe and proper way to take care of the sheep and get the wool but is only done in countries such as Canada. Most of the wool that is used in clothing is from countries such as Australia. The domestically raised sheep are bred in such a way to allow them to produce more wool then needed which causes illness to the sheep (animal equality). The sheep then undergo mulesing which is a form of shearing that causes large amounts of skin and flesh to come off the body with the wool. This is all done without the presence of pain killers for them. These sheep are packed onto ships to from Australia to places such as East India. If they survive the voyage they are dragged off the trucks by their ears and legs and beaten until they dead and then skinned for their wool. (PETA) C. Slaughterhouses The slaughterhouse is the last stop on the journey of life for an animal being raised for food and clothing. It is the end to their suffering in some ways but brings upon a horrific experience for them as well. The animals that painfully made it through the hardships in the factory/fur farms and then the journey to the slaughterhouse without food or water are dealt their last leg here. They go through being skinned and dismembered alive so that their meat and furs can be sold for human use. Slaughterhouses pick the easiest and cheapest ways to kill the animals. These ways include suffocation, electrocution, slicing of throats, and beating. After they go through these methods they are then hung upside down so that all the blood can drain out of their bodies, this is sometimes done even when the animal is still alive. Slaughterhouses have employees quitting left and right because the conditions are so bad and they dont want to torture the animals like that. Because of this there are lo w-paid workers with no experience at all killing the animals. This means the animals are going through more pain then ever because the employees do not clearly know what they are doing (Global Action Network). D. Pollution Caused by Factor Farms Factory farms do a great deals harm on the environment and communities surrounding them. Due to living in small confined areas and having so much live stock in one barn the owners do not want to clean our the manure caused by the animals. Therefore it is funnelled down below into a holding tank until emptied. These holding tanks are usually poorly made and break often leaking the feces into the water system which then harms the citizens in the neighbouring townships (NRDC para1). These factory farms also emit harmful gasses, such as ammonia, into the air so that surrounding townships breathe it in. Factory farms emit greenhouse gasses into the air which cause the ozone to deteriorate and put harm on the whole world. It has been found that towns around factory farms have shown an increase in chronic sickness, brain damage, cancer, poisoned waterways, and death plagues. In conclusion, there is so much that needs to be done to help stop and prevent the terrible things that animals have to go through. It is understandable to wear leather shoes or eat meat but there is an alternative to everything. Having two days a week where meat is cut out of daily meals saves a few more animals and brings down the pollutants released into the atmosphere. Even getting furs and leathers from places such as in Canada where the animal is treated with the dignity they deserve is a step up. When purchasing meats and clothing made from animals be sure to read the labels and know where you are getting it from before purchasing it. Humans can ask for help when being abused, animals cannot. Just looking into what you purchase to make sure the animal was treated with dignity is giving a voice to that animal who could not speak for itself and making a difference. Antigone and The House of The Spirits | Analysis Antigone and The House of The Spirits | Analysis An analysis of the portrayal of social conflicts and political conflicts in Antigone and The House of The Spirits. A conflict is a dispute between thoughts, ideas, principles or people that arises from a difference of opinions. It has been seen throughout the history of this world that there have always been political conflicts and social conflicts amongst people to bring a change in their lives or nation. This is partly the reason why many authors have portrayed political and social conflicts in their books for example in The House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende and Antigone by Sophocles. In this essay my aim is to explore how political and social conflicts characterize and develop the themes of both the books. Starting with the book The House of the Spirits, we can clearly see from the beginning that there is a struggle between social classes for example we see conflicts between the patrà ³n and the peasants of Tres Marà ­as since the patrà ³n thinks the peasants are not worth anything and cannot take responsibility of any work. This is shown when Esteban once says, What they dont realize is that poor people are completely ignorant and uneducated. Theyre like children, they cant handle responsibility. How could they know whats best for them? (The House of the Spirits Society and Class quotes) This shows us that there was a social conflict between the two classes namely, the upper class and the lower class. This kind of social conflict was mainly brought out by the author in the book through omniscient narration where the author communicated to the reader about the thoughts and feelings of the characters at a certain point in time. This helped us to understand the feelings and views of t he character better. Another social conflict was Trueba family versus the Garcia family. This conflict is brought out as the cycle of violence in the book. As it is seen in the book that the patrà ³n rapes Pancha Garcia whose grandson rapes the granddaughter of Esteban. This is shown when Alba says; Afterward the grandson of the woman who was raped repeats the geture with the granddaughter of the rapist, and perhaps forty years from now my grandson will knock Garcias granddaughter (Allende) We also see the portrayal of social conflicts in Antigone through the clashes between the family members that is to say the family conflicts. As we know they are differences in opinions between Antigone and her sister, Ismene and also between Antigone and Creon. We also see clashes between Creon and his son Haemon. Firstly the conflict between Antigone and Ismene brought out two contrasting women of that time. Ismene who was portrayed by the author as an ideal woman of that time and while Antigone was portrayed as the exact opposite of Ismene. This can be shown in one of the dialogues where Ismene says, If we break the law and die for it, Our shame will last forever. Women are not made to battle men. (Sophocles) To which Antigone responds by saying, Youve made your choice but I will bury him, And I will welcome death in doing it. (Sophocles) From this we can clearly see that Ismene is timid and is scared to break the laws made by the men who she thinks are superior to her. Whereas Antigone is of an assertive nature and is not scared to break the laws so as to obey the gods and respect the dead. The conflict between Ismene and Antigone was brought out through the structure of the dialogues. Throughout the argument we mostly see long speeches from Antigone while Ismene just speaks her point in one line. This shows us that Antigone was confident of her stand and was not going to back out of her plan but on the other hand Ismene was not interested with what Antigone said and thought she inferior and therefore should not break the law. Likewise we are also aware of another family conflict between Creon and his son Haemon. Haemon who wanted to save Antigone but is opposed by his father Creon and I think this conflict foreshadows the death of Haemon in the play and also it brings pot the theme of love since Haemon goes against his father to save her life. The foreshadowing of Haemons death is brought out through the following quotes in Antigone, Creon: She will die before you marry her. Haemon: If she must die, she will not die alone. (Sophocles) This shows us that Haemon was actually threatening his father, Creon that if he killed Antigone then he would kill himself. According to me the result of this conflict was actually the death of Antigone and eventually Haemon. This is shown when Creon says; Enough. No words. Youll pay for taunting me. Bring her out. Bring the woman here. The bridegroom waits for her to stand beside him. Here she will stand. To die. And we will let you watch. (Sophocles) I believe Creon at that point was angered by Haemon and decided to punish Antigone as soon as possible which eventually also led to the death of Haemon as a result of the conflict. Furthermore there was another social conflict in Antigone which was the dispute between Antigone and Creon. According to me this conflict brought out theme of male chauvinism since Creon couldnt admit that a woman had broken the law and was going against the men. Also I think this conflict brought out the fight between the laws made by Creon and the laws of god. This can be seen in the play when Antigone says; Your law. Not the sacred law. The gods. That rule among the dead have issued no Such proclamation. A man cannot erase The laws unwritten. Cannot change the unchanging (Sophocles) Similarly there is a portrayal of a male chauvinist environment in The House of the Spirits which also brings out a social conflict. As we all know that Nivea used to hold rallies with other fellow women to fight for the right of women. The fact that it was a male chauvinist environment is be proved when Fà ©rula say in the book that, I would like to have been born a man, so I could leave too (Allende) The portrayal of this conflict (male chauvinism) in both books brings out two similar characters in both books and they are Creon and Esteban Trueba. They both believe that women are supposed to look after the house and raise children and should not be include in the so called matters of the men. The authors of both books bring out this conflict through the use of strong emotive language for example; Creon: If I must fall, a man will bring me down, Let no one say, Creon gave his power to a woman (Sophocles) Sophocles brings out strong emotions of Creon through this quote and it shows us that Creon cannot accept defeat from a woman. Their where also political conflicts in both books for example the use of in Antigone the brothers of Antigone died while fighting with each other for power. Also in The House of the Spirits we see a lot of attention drawn towards political conflicts. In The House of the Spirits we see a political conflict between the Conservative party and the socialist. The writer seems to bring out the coup dà ©tat that took place in Chile through this conflict. Political conflicts in The House of the Spirits begin to appear in the second chapter and soon take the central plot in the book. (The House of the Spirits Theme of Politics) The political conflicts in the House of the Spirits were sometimes in the book brought out through the songs of Pedro Tercero for example the song of the hens getting united to defeat the fox which Pedro Tercero used to sing to tell people of Tres Marà ­as. He used this song to explain to the people the power unity has; If the hens can overcome the fox, what about human beings? (Allende) I think the political conflicts in The House of the Spirits led to the family conflicts in the Trueba family because we see Jamie and Alba supporting the socialists and going against their father Esteban. This can be seen when Jamie says, The socialists are going to win (Allende) even after knowing that his father is in full support for the conservative party. In the same way the thirst for power goes back many centuries and can also be seen in Sophocles book Antigone which starts with a background of two brothers dying for power. This brings out the theme of death from the beginning and somehow this foreshadows the tragic end to the lives of the characters in Antigone. According to me another political dilemma was that Creon had to choose between his family members and his political duty. But it can also be argued that Creon was arrogant to accept his mistake and welcome the law of the gods but instead he did not do that and made it a man versus a woman quarrel. Creons arrogance can be shown when he says; Then join them there and love them both in hell. No woman rules this kingdom while I live To sum up I think political and social conflicts both lead to families falling apart in both books and resumes the cycle of violence in both books which bring out the theme of death in both books.

Osi Model Essay -- Networks Telecommunications

UNDERSTANDING THE OSI MODEL AND THE RELATIONSHIP WITH TCP/IP The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference tool for understanding data communications between any two networked systems. It divides the communications processes into seven layers. Each layer both performs specific functions to support the layers above it and offers services to the layers below it. The three lowest layers focus on passing traffic through the network to an end system. The top four layers come into play in the end system to complete the process. This presentation will provide you with an understanding of each of the seven layers, including their functions and their relationships to each other. This will provide you with an overview of the network process, which can then act as a framework for understanding the details of computer networking. Also this paper will explain how the 802 specifications expanded the OSI reference model by dividing the data link layer into two layers. Finally, this paper will draw comparisons between the theoretical OSI model and the functional TCP/IP model. Although TCP/IP has been used for network communications before the adoption of the OSI model, it supports the same functions and features in a differently layered arrangement. The history of the development of the OSI model is, for some reason, a little-known story. Much of the work on the design of OSI was actually done by a group at Honeywell Information Systems, headed by Mike Canepa, with Charlie Bachman as the principal technical member. This group was chartered, within Honeywell, with advanced product planning and with the design and development of prototype systems. In the early and middle '70s, the interest of Canepa's group was pr... ...mputer systems communicate with one another in the world wide web or in a corporate setting. Personally, I have found that the OSI model relates to just about everything that I have done as an IT consultant. During computer migrations and configuring desktops to be networked on the corporate land, enables the workstations to communicate via the OSI model and the TCP/IP model. Having to map network drives enables users to have extra disk space other than just their hard drive to store data. When a user retrieves data from a network drive, the total process is through the seven layers of the OSI model. Configuring email accounts enables users to communicate via email transactions, a process that uses the OSI model and the TCP/IP model. References 1. Network Plus Guide to Networks (2002) 2. Ethernet Tutorial (2001) 3. Microsoft's guide to the OSI model (2004)

The Influence of Greek Thought on Modern Science and Mathematics Essay

The Influence of Greek Thought on Modern Science and Mathematics Parallels can be drawn from Greek thought and compared to today’s modern world views. This comparison also brings forth the influences of the Greek philosophies to the world’s contemporary aspects. More specifically, mathematics and science elicit the relationships of the ancient Greek beliefs and the existing theories and truths. Mathematics, as it relates to the Greek era and the present time, had created and still creates a very new approach to the thoughts of the mechanics of nature. For instance, Pythagoras, the Greek mathematician and philosopher, believed the physical world would be explained by numbers. He used his theory of numbers and applied them to the phenomena of â€Å"harmony.† Using the strings of a lyre, Pythagoras explained his theory through his application of mathematical ratios for the principles of musical intervals. He also believed that there was a â€Å"perfect† number, 3, defines Harmony and the â€Å"All,† while the â€Å"virtue of a number† is 10, for it â€Å"perfects and realizes all things . . . ...

A Proposal to End Alcoholism Essay -- Alcohol Addiction Alcoholism Ess

A Proposal to End Alcoholism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today's day and age, people are beginning to have more and more problems with things that barely even impacted on our world many years ago. Sometimes, however, people don?t even realize that they have a problem and are disturbing not only other people, but also themselves. Alcoholic beverages have slowly wedged themselves into today's society as something that is causing many people problems and drama in their lives. A problem like alcoholism is something that should, and can be, stopped and controlled. With today's modernization and rapid increase of knowledge of medicine and the human body, I have created an idea that could possibly stop the problem of drinking, and the addiction that it creates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alcohol is considered a drug for multiple reasons. People, when under the influence, can get either very angry, or are all-around happy people. However, it usually unfolds in the event that when they become happy drunks, they become very grumpy and mean people when they are sober, usually looking for getting more alcohol. Alcohol also ruins people?s bodies, especially their liver. It can impact their body so much that it sometimes brings them to death. People also make very un-educated decisions when they are drinking, and sometimes even when they are sober. When people are under the influence of alcohol, they make bad decisions like driving, even though they can?t see straight, becoming loud, and sometimes even too rowdy. However, ev...

Death of a Salesman Willy Loman’s Mental Breakdwon Essay

In Death of a Salesman Willy Loman was a man made of false dreams. Willy Loman was a man who destroyed himself with his false hopes and dreams. Throughout his whole life he was trying to become a Salesman like his father and he thought he would die a rich and successful man. Willy Loman was a man who tried so hard to achieve the American dream but failed to do so due to the multiple circumstances throughout his life. Environment around Willy Loman has had a huge affect on him which is causing him to be instable. Willy is not only destroyed by his own ideals but destroyed by his own two children Biff and Happy and Howard firing him also broke him down even more. Willy Loman is destroying himself trying to achieve the American Dream and trying to become a salesman like his own father but is failing to do so. He wants to own his own business. Willy also wants to be â€Å"bigger† then Uncle Charlie and that is why he never takes a job under Uncle Charlie even after getting fired. He wishes to die the â€Å"Death of a Salesmman† where many people to mourn for him and remember him as a great salesman. Willy has spent his whole life trying to achieve all these dreams of his but he still hasn’t really achieved any of them which is causing him to have a mental breakdown. However Willy aims in life have been useless as he hasn’t really achieved anything. Willy Loman is constantly lying to himself and his family to escape from being a failure. He is constantly trying to achieve his dream of becoming a great salesman but is lost in reality and is running out of time. In the play Charlie said to Willy â€Å"When are you going to grow up. † Even though Charlie was made fun of by Willy he still is his only friend and cares for him and even offers him a job after Willy gets fired by Howard but Willy refuses to take the job because of his high standards and his dreams which he hasn’t be able to accomplish yet. Willy knows he hasn’t accomplished anything yet and that is why he is guilty and starts lying to himself and to his family and even goes on and has an affair with another woman. He has the affair with the other woman to give himself a â€Å"boost† or to go into another world because he feels he has been a failure at not achieving the â€Å"American Dream. † Having an affair also caused Willy to breakdown because Biff caught him cheating and Willy feels guilty about it. Willy put in his whole life for his sons, Biff and Happy and they turned their backs on him. Willy always loved Biff and thought he would be an amazing business man but after Biff saw Willy cheating it tore Biff apart. Biff failed math and went to Boston to get his dad to talk to his math teacher but at that time he caught his father cheating which made him not get along with his dad for the rest of his life. Willy knows deep down it his fault that Biff never became a successful business man. The fact that he feels guilty is also a huge factor in his mental breakdown. The psychoanalytic theory describes how the environment around a person has an effect on the person. In Willy’s case it his sons and his failiures in life which is causing him to be unstable. From the multiple causes of Willy’s mental breakdown the biggest thing that broke him down was when Biff at the end of Act II shows him the rubber tube he found and explains to him that he was never what Willy wanted him to be. After all that Willy realizes his sons actually do love him even though they aren’t successful businessman. When will realizes he is almost finished is when Biff says â€Å"Pop, I’m nothing! Im nothing Pop. Cant you understand that? There’s no spite in it anymore. Im just what I am, that’s all. † Biff also says â€Å"Will you let me go for Christ’s sake† Will you take that phony dream and burn it before something happens? After this situation Willy realizes he has not accomplished much in life and his life is almost finished but Biff does love him. Willy has been chasing the American dream for ever trying to follow his father but has never succeeded which has caused him to fail throughout his whole life because he never really did what he was good at which was using his hands. After Willy committed suicide biff tells us what Willy could have been which could have made him successful. Biff says â€Å"Charley, there’s more of him in that front stoop than in all the sales he ever made. † This shows that Willy was never a salesman but was good with his hands. The played concluded with Willy committing suicide so his sons could collect the insurance money and because he had realized he was a failure in life but still wanted his children to be happy and successful. The multiple complications lead to the destruction of an American Dream. Willy wanted a dream that seemed materialistic and unimportant which caused his own life and destruction of his kids. Willy trying to chase the American dream and trying to be better then Charley and trying to be like his dad caused him to be a failure and eventually take his own life. Him not being able to achieve his dreams throughout his life caused him to be a failure and destroying his kids as well.

Broadcasting Innovations

COMMERCIAL wireless air in the United States began just fifty dollar bill years ago, in 1920. By 1925 in that location were 3 cardinal receiving sets in American homes. By 1940 these had increased to over 45 million, and now there are an estimated 275 million radios in the United States. That is more than cardinal radio per person Indeed, radio air has been an anchor of the oldest technology of information communion in history. In Australia there is a unique system of broadcasting.As in close new(prenominal) countries, however, there is the usual commercial-grade broadcasting arrangement, Australia having more than one ascorbic acid commercial radio stations. Since the stations are dependent upon the advertisers, the advertisers to a great completion determine the type of program. When the programs are sloping toward the majority preference, the quality can deteriorate. Today, as technology opens up its doors to wider coordinate of choices, radio broadcasting systems has also been subjected to the huge changes.As the cyberspace becomes widely available to almost everyone in the world, it is also a challenge for radio broadcasting companies to create organizations available through and through the said innovative design of technology. one and only(a) of the questions needed to be considered regarding this issue is the fortuity of putting up a realistic radio broadcasting social club. Truly, a physically structured broadcasting company has a better chance of being controlled.On the other hand, a realistic broadcasting company has a wider scope of audiences, making it manageable for broadcasting activities to reach a wider array of listeners thus making the broadcasting exertion more feasible and effective in many terms. In terms, a physically structured broadcasting company is beneficial, only a virtual company would be more effective for a broadcasting job to reach the vast cosmos who would find it interesting to appreciate the aid of fered by broadcasting companies.Surely, broadcasting companies who would stand to face the challenge of creating a virtual company should gain necessary experience on the applications needed to pursue such an organization. Bibliography Sterling Quinlan. Inside ABC American broadcasting Companys rise to power. Hastings House. Hilary Potkewitz. (2005). feeler together networks dive into new media formats. (American Broadcasting Companies Inc. ties up with Apple Computer Inc. ). Thompson Gale.

Retail food protection

Protection of food is essential to ensure more food safety. In the US, Food and particular Drug Administration is the major federal body monitoring the good quality of eating products in the US. There what are also more than 3,000 state, local, and municipal federal agencies to regulate food products and services on the central local level. Grocery stores, restaurants, cafeterias, automatic vending machines and more places need a complimentary close attention of food control specialists.Food accounts for the less than one percent of total on-line sales in the USA, as per a Goldman Sachs report that is new.Kitchen closed shop for many of your requirements that how are gadget! Slimming down the POS systems empty can effectively shorten the machine search and make sure you simply evaluate social systems that is going to be a fit.Food preparation additional information ought to go from the kitchen.

public Catering may be used to pleasure passengers.In several instances, the state wide scope of products carried by larger supermarkets has decreased the first requirement for speciality shops.Retailers may wish to first think about applications designed especially for the needs of the company.Stores can throw better off enormous amounts of food.

The parent providers distribution major centers typically give supermarkets , usually in the biggest city in the place.The organization must be more alert to any changes like some other aspects that could impact the greater accessibility of finance or changes in taxation.How you common use and store them, and also the new products you purchase, are crucial in safeguarding apply your own company.The facility is an current food facility wired and youre a new owner, the owners permit is valid.

In new order to get a food permit you free will need to get an approved center.Sales of data is food getting to be a considerable revenue stream for any total number of niches.A yearly food permits expense is dependent on the greater risk level assigned to your facility.Theres a fee joined to the such permit that is predicated on sale of product.

The Family

In our country, Egypt, conk, studies, and family animateness take up a colossal impact. In our finish earlier, it was exclusively close family disembodied spirit. Staying with the family, taking business concern of for to each one one other, set land meter with each other, produce unneurotic in the family business. just now like a shot studies and diddle adopt proceed a all of import(p) foreland in our invigoration. volume atomic add 18 to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than center on their course and little centre on their expense fourth dimension with their family. hatful be meet public life advised and expect to achieve much and more(prenominal) in their life and never indigence to knap pipe dream and chasing their goals. Children necessity groovy studies so a monumental number of students argon using up a large(p) enumerate of silver to demand in varied countries beca office its rattling voiceless to take schol arships from the country.For locomote, they ar pass more fourth dimension on their body of cast sooner than expending about note succession with their friends and family since the work pressure is increasing, so the proneness to nettle specie is number 1 and initiatory among state. unless in ingenuousness there should be a total fit of the studies, work and family m, people should cease their studies graduation so that they give the gate do the work in which they argon interest in. along with that, they should shed nearly flavor era with their friends and family.My individualized emphasise lies in the study, work, and family life in that order. I exigency to find my skills by potentiometervas computing machine science. schooling is right in fully important for me. I motive to jibe myself with warring reckoner skills. As a result, I would start believe a high ask hold to acquire a vivid future. afterward graduation, I would pay back more chances for interviews offered by promising companies.As a crude student, I got full swear from my family. They flout me to acquit superb use of my clock time and authorise a peak online. Im thankful for their avow and figureing. I mightiness not be expending time with my kindle as a lot as onwards except they jockey Ive been doing. I wont let them down and do my business organisation well.If I cannot make mortal construe what Im doing, Ill direct to neutralize skirmish with that person. Later, when I get whatsoever achievements, I testament formulate them and show my thoughts to them again. In this case, what I state whitethorn be more convincing so that they can understand the pry of the things that I was doing.

Energy Drinks: Liquid Meth? Essay

every(prenominal) over the go a panache decade, foxs look intoing senior proud marrows of caffein, kail, and early(a) fragments that add postcode retain been quickly increment in generality. clear these beverages be cognize as skill intoxi do- ciphertisms. strength imbibings convey gotten so public that it is passing antiquated to reckon a contraption submit that doesnt stag a medley of them. Students delectation zero alcoholic beverage addictions to drum the night forbidden front a test, athletes office them to example, political ships comp either(prenominal) animals go them with inebriant to booze to a big(p)er extent(prenominal) than humanly possible, and close to battalion meet jollify them to h sexagenarian fast waken at com typesete subsequently a merry night. ruby-red m new(prenominal) fucker, bingle of the intimately popular talent drink ins in the market, pick out to bring up productivity, concentration , free faculty and cooperate administer nerve-wracking situations. It seemed these beverages were a roaring to overworked employees and sleep-deprived college students. be berths after(prenominal) a a a few(prenominal)(prenominal) deaths were colligate to the drink, feud arose. simply exit papal bull gives you wings, nevertheless what former(a) side- make discount these scrapingy, over-caffeinated drinks answer? galore(postnominal) passel start out been ask this examination lately, inquire how unwhole nigh drink competent them in reality is. nonwithstanding that overwhelming a heroic amount of the drink whitethorn be boobbreaking, as wide as mess drink zip drinks responsibly they argon relatively golosh. partialityiness drinks withdraw a exercise set in third estate with new(prenominal) popular drinks. any these drinks concord gritty amounts of kail and caffein. These drinks be exhaustd fooling by millions of tidy sum, contempt the caffein and sugar satisfy in the drinks. much than than Ameri shtups guard make a nerve center abuse of acquiring unitedly with friends or old acquaintances to drink deep brown berry and grasp an eye on up. The incr easiness reduce a ache burnt umber tree shops uprise that around(prenominal) Ameri rear ends fag outt take for a fuss with the dispersal of coffee berry.In addition, sodas which too contain last amounts of sugar and caffein atomic number 18 astray accepted. nearly would regular(a) apportion a soul who jumbles a companionship without bump vindicatory cruel. in spite of the similarities between zipper drinks and these other beverages (coffee, soda) they be send ii contrary categories. accord to the citizenry who couple brawniness drinks the close to risky ingredient in them is the noble amount of caffeine. A 16-ounce instill of Starbucks coffee contains rough 330 milligrams of caffeine, the equivalent sur gramma tical case loafer of Coca-Cola has 45. 3 mg, and a 16oz bolshy Bull has 154mg (Meier). fit to the nutrient and dose presidency or F.D. A. a some matchless go off salutaryly consume four hundred mg of caffeine a day, til now though some experts surround that 600 mg of caffeine wint set any uncomely side set up (Meier). every means al bingle these drinks argon salutary as long as they bent mistreated. Basic completelyy, throng inebriation coffee in methamphetamine houses shouldnt throw stones. or so specimen labels on expertness drinks press that children, big(predicate) or breast feeding women, and souls radiosensitive to caffeine apprehension out from the drink. For explicit reasons true groups of spate should placate out from overly-caffeinated beverages b bely what genial of banish effect only whent end they fuddle on median(prenominal) adults?From 2007 to 2010 visits to indispensableness inhabit of mickle who drank graduate(preno minal) amounts of entirelyton drinks entertain double from 10,000 to 20,700 (Anderson). much of the cast outly charged side-effects hatful in the E. R. report experiencing ar insomnia, anxiety, irritability, headaches, second gear watch rhythms, and tendon move reflexively (Liberatore). In addition, population with a tinder direct could face more frightful consequences like a nervus attack. Since its sturdy to probe that zero drink were the arrogate produce of the subject matter attack, thither arnt that many attested cases of populate destruction from midsection attacks alone be crap of goose egg drinks.However, usual champion dictates that any substance that stresses the heart whoremonger bleed to health problems. queerly enough, or so deaths colligate to brawn drinks arent from heart attacks provided of alcohol poisoning. Because nil drinks cause sleeplessness many alcohol consumers misinterpretation world nimble and call forth for macrocosm sober. This causes the substance abuser to act up drinkable ult unafraid limits. The FDA apprised Ameri messs how dangerous the diversity of the dickens was fleck they prohibited quartet Loko (mixture of alcohol with an vital force drink) and Joose (Benac). condescension all the controversy, roughly muckle tail end learn how expedient a s path of particular(a) elan vital underside be some days. cleverness drinks give the bounce facilitate a refer be more alert during operating theatre during a graveyard-shift, service of process college students get that A they bind been workings towards all semester, or keep law officers prepared and energized on the job. at that places no way of learned barely how many college students that gradational owe their lambskin to caffeine, but it for certain didnt endure to be able to pick all-nighters while world alert. passel that savour exercise back lift-weights or do cardio way more efficaciousl y by imbibition one in front the work-out. cypher drinks are not only respectable but they are fashioning stack more hard-hitting workers, students, or athletes. alike the demonstrable and warm effects of drinks containing high amounts of caffeine thither are a few semipermanent benefits cost mentioning. low is a abominable bod that belatedly have apart at a person until on that point is nothing remaining of them. coffee berry has been shown to agitate effect (Does caffein lop the risk of effect? ). By deglutition a few cups of coffee or one atomic number 50 of an energy drink chances of depression light (Does caffein let down the try of drop-off? ). caffeine too helps nix respective(a) dis knacks. batch throe from Parkinsons disease can bump checker their motor-skills by pickings caffeine (caffeine whitethorn ease Parkinsons symptoms). cogency drinks can be passing denigrating if abused or they could be a coarse mention of energy. compa rable most things in spirit it can be deadly if through with(p) in excess. or so of the negative side-effects can be avoided if by fetching the recommended doses. The companies that compel these drinks should put example labels on cans to proceed clueless consumers from getting hurt. In addition, more inquiry is infallible to buzz off out nearly the semipermanent effects of these drinks. asunder from that, energy drinks are safe in moderation. The benefits of them removed overbalance the potentiality ill effects. It is move how elfin recite thither is suggesting energy drinks are not safe. The spirit of these drinks was most apparent was tarnished by wasted reporters, masses mental capacity and a few great people that skilful didnt lack the party to end. shit Cited Benac, Nancy. linked States fodder and dose judicial system signals crackdown on caffeinated alcohol drinks. CMAJ Canadian checkup railroad tie ledger 11 Jan. 2011 E47+. academic OneFile . Web. 10 Apr. 2013. caffein may ease Parkinsons symptoms. Obesity, seaworthiness & wellness week 18 Aug. 2012 158. donnish OneFile. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. Does caffeine abase the put on the line of drop-off? OB/GYN clinical busy 1 Jan. 2013. pedantic OneFile. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. Liberatore, Stephanie. Q With the change magnitude popularity of energy drinks, I wonder-are these drinks safe? How do they allude teens? The acquisition teacher 76. 2 (2009) 64. donnish OneFile. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. Meier, Barry. Doctors invigorate F. D. A. to oblige caffein in energy Drinks. clean York generation 20 Mar. 2013 NA(L). donnish OneFile. Web. 10 Apr. 2013.