relationships in pride and prejudice :: essays research papers

Relationship in Pride and Prejudice In the novel Pride and Prejudice, composed by Jane Austen, a few, if not every last bit of her characters, can affirm the conviction that so as to accomplish bliss one must dispose of their pride and thus, supplant it with sense of pride joined by some quietude. Furthermore, acknowledgment and shared regard must supplant one’s bias. The tale uncovers four couples that live through social inconviences. The setting, in spite of the fact that the novel happens in a wide range of spots, is for the most part communicated from Longbourn, some place in England. It is set around the Bennet family, which comprises of seven individuals. Mr. also, Mrs. Bennet, and their five little girls which of whom none are yet hitched. At this period in time, marriage was put together a lot with respect to cash and notoriety, less love and trust. At the point when a solitary man entered town, he was called upon just if his money related circumstance was better than average. Marriage was based around land, family associations, and riches. In numerous minor characters of the novel, pride is a typical trademark. Mrs. Bennet, for example, is incredibly pleased with regards to her daughter’s relationships of soldier of fortune benefits. She is worried to such an extent that her neighbors have a high assessment of her that her own vanity won't Proposition Scenes The main proposition scene manages Mr. Collins' proposition to Elizabeth, this is an odd event as Mr. Collins is Elizabeth's cousin and he kind of shows up from no place and anticipates that Elizabeth should wed him. This is what is interesting about this proposition since Mr. Collins anticipates that Elizabeth should wed him since he is a pastor and it would be correct and appropriate for him to wed a polite miss Bennett.When Mr. Collins, a tall, dark youngster of twenty-five,arrives, he stores aimless recognition on everything. He praises Mrs. Bennett on her cooking and compliments everything about the young ladies. All around, he has all the earmarks of being an unconventional figure. Mr. Collins asks Mrs. Bennett "May I trust, madam, for your enthusiasm with your reasonable girl Elizabeth, when I request for the respect of a private crowd with her over the span of this morning?"Mrs. Bennett concurs and attempts to leave the room taking Kitty w ith her however Elizabeth stops her and says "Dear madam, don't go. I implore you won't go. Mr. Collins must reason me.

Afterschool program Essay

The joined endeavors of the Washington, DC School framework and the Woodson Foundation in the advancement of an Afterschool program to help increment and improve understudy results. They have distinguished adequately opportunity to get better. Three of the essential issues in the Washington, DC School frameworks are truancy, low understudy execution, and wrongdoing. They have likewise distinguished new staff (educators) are rapidly burnet out because of their underlying eagerness in to need to support the understudies. This has caused a high turnover rate in new instructors, making the educational system lose the absolute best and most brilliant educators to other educational system in the zone. The main stage in building an alliance is to choose a delegate from every one of the associations which will be engaged with the program. This will give equivalent portrayal over the group. It has been recognized that an Executive Development group ought to be built up. This group will range over a multifunctional region to set up a working arrangement for improving school execution. Cooperation from the Woodson Foundation and Washington, DC School framework is the key component of a fruitful Executive Development group. Notwithstanding, portrayal from the National Coalition for Parental Involvement in instruction (NCPIE) ought to be thought of, in light of the fact that they speak to for the parent for the benefit of the PTA. The Coalition is in the shaping phase of gathering advancement. A delegate from every one of the associations should be appointed to the gathering. At that point the gathering should make sense of the gatherings reason, structure, and the authority of the gathering. All together for the Woodson Foundation to make this durable gathering, the phases of gathering improvement should be followed. The following stage in the gathering advancement is raging. The delegates of the various associations acknowledge that the Executive Development group is required, anyway every association has their own standards they feel is imperative to the turn of events. The pioneer is additionally settled in this stage and there is an away from of initiative. The third stage is Norming: In this stage, the Executive Development group has a strong gathering structure and a lot of regular desires. Jobs are set up inside this firm group. The fourth stage is Performing: The structure of the Executive Development group is useful and all individuals acknowledge it. The group is playing out the jobs needing to be done and effectively finishing them. The fifth stage is Adjourning. Despite the fact that the group is dismissing, they will gather the point by point examination and set up an introduction of the Operational arrangement for improving the student’s execution in the After School program. Their discoveries will provide away from of how to get the ASP moving. One of the essential issues the Woodson Foundation is confronting is the thing that association will lead the Executive Development group. All together for the pioneers to lead this essential group, solid initiative and the board is required for top adequacy. Today’s pioneers should provoke themselves to recognize the norm, make dreams for the future, and rouse hierarchical individuals to need to accomplish authoritative objectives and dreams. The delegates from every association of the Executive Development group, has their own vision with respect to why their association should start to lead the pack in building the group. The optional issue the Woodson Foundation is to recognize objectives and targets. The Woodson Foundation essential goal is outcast association to get a greater and more clear image of the program. NCPIE essential goal is having guardian imput. They feel the Woodson Foundation can come in and do all they need, be that as it may if the guardians don't partake the program won't work. Washington, DC School framework essential target is to let the experts take care of business. The chairmen feel they have the foundation, training, and ability to stick head the program. These different foundations will empower the Executive Development colleagues, to have a comprehension of the requirements of the kids taking an interest in the ASP. One answer for the issue is building trust between alliance individuals and guardians. The administration should make a situation of trust that is helpful for all. Trust encourages data sharing, energizes facing challenges. Be that as it may, trust assembles a more impact group and upgrades profitability (Robbins, pg 315). My subsequent arrangement is distinguish and characterize clear duties inside the gathering. Every individual must be dependable and effectively complete research, introductions, and investigation for their territories of core interest. This can plainly be practiced by requesting contribution from other colleagues (Robbins, pg 316). Every individual from the gathering ought to have some sort of preparing in overseeing assorted variety, compromise, group building, and group cohesiveness. All individuals ought to have an away from of their jobs inside the gathering and advance an atmosphere of trust. Having an away from of the authority and its structure would better serve the Executive Development team’s essential capacity. Work Cited Robbins, Judge, Stephen P., Timothy A. Hierarchical Behavior. fifteenth Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 2012. VitalBook record. Shelf.

Firestick Farming Essay Example for Free

Firestick Farming Essay What is Fire stick cultivating? Fire stick cultivating is the conventional way Aboriginal individuals took care of the land and made fire breaks to guarantee huge ruinous summer fires were not a risk. Correspondence Fire was a type of correspondence. At the point when water supplies were running low one of the men would go to where they knew the following wellspring of water would be. On his way there he would take a fire stick and consume little fixes of grass as he went. On the off chance that the waterhole had adequate water, he would develop a reserve grass, wood, a couple of green leaves and branches. At the point when he lit it the thick smoke would flag the family that the time had come to move camp to this new area. They could without much of a stretch follow the newly worn out pathway to the waterhole. Chasing Fire was a significant with chasing yet was once in a while used to really execute creatures legitimately. Rather, zones were determined to fire so as to guide creatures to where they could be handily murdered. Fire was additionally be utilized to clear creatures out of caverns and tree trunks. After the fire would draw in creatures back to the territory, by and by giving simple chasing. In various pieces of Australia distinctive fire systems were utilized and adjusted to neighborhood needs Land Management Aboriginal individuals consume the land in the cool months when there are foreboding shadows. Fire was, and in some put despite everything is, utilized to ‘clean up’ the nation. The men sorted out consumed patches giving the scene a game plan example of various matured grasses. Fix consuming made great territory for little game warm blooded creatures, for example, Bilbies and Mala. They protected in the old grasses and took care of the new grasses. Fire stick cultivating is the customary way Aboriginal individuals took care of the land and made fire breaks to guarantee enormous dangerous summer fires were not a risk. With the land consumed, new development was advanced and before long turned out to be bounty, nourishment could be accumulated for a while after a fire.

Key Pieces of Pte Academic Essay Writing Topics

Key Pieces of Pte Academic Essay Writing Topics Pte Academic Essay Writing Topics Fundamentals Explained Whatever you write on paper is taken into account. An essay has become the most common sort of academic paper assigned at the school and college level on any sort of topic, with the principal aim to cover a specific parcel of information in the most in-depth way. Writing an outline provides you an opportunity to plan what you'll write, organize your ideas and make certain everything fits together. It is an art and it needs a lot of preparations to make a perfect article. Life After Pte Academic Essay Writing Topics Your paragraphs do not connect one another's meaning in addition to the full thought of your essay may be incomprehensible. The entire body of the academic essay ought to be clearly written with no ambiguity. If you're supplied to compose an essay in 250 words, you ought to be in a place to organize all big information about the subject in the designated word count and it should make an effect on the readers. The academic essay should read as a cohesive argument so fantastic links from 1 paragraph to the next are extremely important. A thriving college paper will demonstrate that its writer may use the wisdom and methods of the discipline in which it's been assigned to reveal something that's true. In conclusion, it appears that assignment essays continue to get a prominent part in tertiary education as an assessment tool. When employing a template for a guide, always make sure it's applicable to the study that you're practicing or the academic area or discipline at which you will use your academic essay. Unless you're told otherwise by the class instructor, utilize the Departmental conventions. Writing an essay is an essential role in academe life. Writing drafts can turn a great paper into a great paper. It can be divided into all kinds of different categories. It is a difficult process, often time-consuming and very disappoi nting. Your Essay Supervisor will have the ability to direct you towards the most suitable material. Essay writing is that which we do best. It is commonly practiced is schools. Academic essay writing can be hard to compose when you aren't certain what they ought to incorporate. Lies You've Been Told About Pte Academic Essay Writing Topics Even though an absolutely free instance of an essay can act as an extremely guide, the simple truth is that your professors generally assign work that expects you to incorporate course material or recent newspaper articles. When you are requested to compose an essay, attempt to locate some samples (models) of similar writing and learn how to observe the craft of the writer. If you're to really gain from model essays, you will need to understand how to read the techniques of the writer'. To put it simply, an academic essay may be an evidence of the depth of your research procedures and the rest of the activities that you've executed so you can supp ort the content of your written output. Pte Academic Essay Writing Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! You might already be quite comfortable writing essays and in that case, you'll have a definite sense of what works for you. Most issues can have essays on all the above mentioned questions. As a way to be successful at writing essays, you want to understand enough about the subject and just present your own thoughts rather than attempting to write the things that they expect you to write. Looking at IELTS essay topics with answers is a huge approach that will help you to get ready for the test. To structure an essay, you must simply adhere to the aforementioned format. Analyze the essay prompt so that you learn how to answer Essay prompts can be written in lots of means. A well-structured essay should consist of a string of paragraphs that progress logically through the collection of points that you want to cover. In each major paragraph it is possible to include a couple of ideas. For essays of less than 1500 words, it is not likely that you'll need to section. Add key words associated with facts and ideas you would like to include in the essay. If you wish to make an academic essay that's both outstanding and relevant, always place the items that we've discussed above in mind. The Argument About Pte Academic Essay Writing Topics You just need to locate an exceptional perspective. Your academic essay should evoke an emotion that is needed to spark different ideas, opinions and other types of responses. Last, the conclusion will include an overview of the outcomes and why you've reached your viewpoint. Your thesis can be something as easy as divorce has changed Western society, or it may be something far more complex. An academic letter is not only a document that can showcase your mastery when it has to do with a distinct academic subject. There are various forms of academic essay but most follow the identical layout. All the reference items begin with the title of the information supply. In the instance of economic examples, you also need to be very careful to make clear the context.

Cultural Analysis For Doing Business - 8067 Words

Abstract This paper will present a Cultural Analysis for doing Business in Ireland. This paper will answer four main questions, while adding additional information and insight to the nation of Ireland. Among reading this paper, the reader should be able to understand Ireland’s culture, how people in Ireland conduct business, how U.S. and Ireland compare in business, and the implications for U.S. businesses that wish to conduct business in Ireland. These research questions were tackled using scholarly articles found through the Internet and Liberty Online Library Database. While conducting this research, a long period was spent reading through the articles to find points of relevance to this paper, while adding some unique attributes to this paper as well. Anyone wishing to conduct business in Ireland, want to find out about Irish people, or have an interest in traveling to Ireland, will learn all they need to know while reading through this paper. Keywords: Ireland, culture, business, U.S. Global Business Cultural Analysis: Ireland Ireland is a little, autonomous nation situated in northwestern Europe. The nation s official name is the Republic of Ireland. Dublin is the capital and biggest city. The nation possesses around five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The staying one-6th of the island is possessed by Northern Ireland, which is a piece of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In Gaelic, the antiquated dialect ofShow MoreRelatedThe Cultural Challenges of Doing Business Overseas1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cultural Challenges of Doing Business Overseas EC0/561 8/2/2014 Dr. Sharghi The Cultural Challenges of Doing Business Overseas This paper will provide an analysis of Steve Kafka’s decision to open and operate a Chicago-style pizza business in the Czech Republic (University of Phoenix, 2011). This analysis will include information on the cultural differences between the United States and the Czech Republic and how these differences may affect the business climateRead MoreAnalysis of Cultural Differences1580 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysisCultural Analysis of the Czech RepublicIn todays economic environment, international business has its own advantages and disadvantages. When expanding business oversees, companies have to be aware of social, cultural, legal, economic, political and technological factors. Before launching a product into a foreign market, the company has to observe and acknowledge specific differences in that particular market and its main target audiences. Upon completion of cultural analysis the company shouldRead MoreThe Factors That Impact Pepsico And Their Customers Environment1391 W ords   |  6 Pagescustomer’s such as the economic environment, socio-cultural environment, technological environment, global environment and the competitive environment as well as governmental regulations. Economic Environment The economic environment impacts the way in which consumers purchase goods and services. Many factors affect the economy, such as inflation, foreign currency fluctuations, interest rates and the unemployment rate. (Grewal, 2015) When the economy is doing well consumers are more apt to spend freelyRead MoreCross-Cultural Problems in the Uae1641 Words   |  7 PagesDealing With Cross-Cultural Differences at Workplace in the UAE OR Impact of Cross-Cultural Differences On Adjustment of Expatriate Employees in the Work Environment of the UAE INTRODUCTION / LITERATURE REVIEW The working environment in the UAE has seen huge changes in the last 25 years or so. The change has been introduced primarily by the opening up of multinational firms in the UAE. This has created job opportunities for expatriates, therefore bringing about a large diversity in theRead MoreGermany- Hofstede Analysis Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesGermany: Hofstede Analysis Germany- Hofstede Analysis Germany is known for its majestic scenery and terrain. There is incredible chocolate, beer and of course, the unique architecture. All these things may be appealing to a firm, but an expanding company may discover complexities expanding into Germany, because â€Å"[w]hen you step into a foreign culture, suddenly things seem different. You don’t know what to do or say.† ( Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions). â€Å"If your organization is planning toRead MorePest Analysis Croatia1645 Words   |  7 Pages         Pest Analysis Croatia                                                                                                 PEST-Analysis Croatia    Content Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 3 Political Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 4 Economic Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.page 4 Social-Cultural Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.page 6 Technological Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...page 7 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MorePolitical-- Government Stability666 Words   |  3 PagesGovernment Stability: By political changed in the government could affect the business by changing Laws or Ordinance. By an ever changing government this could hurt the business by tax policies. Taxation Policy: By Not understanding implementation of new taxation codes could have a major results for the clients as well as the business. Laws Of Employment : Having a better understanding of employment laws could help the business and the employees better to understand the rights of the employees. Opportunity:Read MoreGlobal Business Cultural Analysis Of Japan Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pages Global Business Cultural Analysis: Japan James Hendricks Liberty University  Global Business Cultural Analysis: Japan Technological advancement has made globalization an inevitable factor that businesses of the future will need to consider in order to be successful. Increasingly, companies that have been solely domestic are branching out internationally for a wide variety of reasons, but in the end, it’s all about making profits from previously inaccessible market segments. Read MoreSwott Analysis Paper1571 Words   |  7 PagesSWOTT Analysis Paper SWOTT Analysis Paper A SWOTT analysis is used to present a detailed picture of the health of a company. This tool can be used to tune up or diagnose and repair issues that are worn or in the process of becoming faulty. Managers have access to a tool that will allow them to effectively evaluate and make decisions. The SWOTT analysis can ensure that issues are identified and classified so they may be prioritized properlyRead MoreThe Espresso Lane to Global Markets_ Illys Case Analysis Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesItalian-style, focus on design and aesthetics, high quality, espresso culture. The increasing demand for coffee worldwide represents a huge opportunity for Illy to venture into global markets. I believe Illy has competitive advantages based on â€Å"VIRO† analysis. Illy is capable of creating value overseas with its unique, high quality Espresso. Its high-end restaurants and unique culture and customer experience are rare and hard to imitate. Given the success in its home market It aly, it is evident that Illy’s

Applied research questions Essay - 833 Words

1. What are the similarities between descriptive and inferential statistics? What are the differences? When should descriptive and inferential statistics be used? Descriptive statistics describes data by organizing factors of a sample such as culture, gender, age, or location and is shown with charts or graphs. Descriptive statistics can interpret larger portions of data and reduce larger portions of data. The measure of central tendency describes the average score being the mean, the median being the midpoint of a spread of scores, and the mode the most frequent. There are certain levels of measurement and descriptive statistics may not be the best technique based on the measurement, these scales include nominal, ordinal, interval, and†¦show more content†¦The analysis of a single individual, event, or group is a case study. There are different types of cases, which are intrinsic, instrumental, and collective. When doing this type of research one must go out into the field to observe or interview in a natural setting. In the field, those collecting data develop a research role, which establishes the position of the investigator and h is or her relationships with others in the situation. At one extreme, the researcher is a complete outsider, totally detached from the naturally occurring behavior and activities of the participants. He or she essentially has no involvement in what occurs in the setting. The researcher is detached coming in, collecting data, and then leaving. A complete insider, on the other hand, is a researcher who has an established role in the setting in which data are collected, engaging in genuine and natural participation. Most fieldworkers’ roles are between these extremes, using what could be labeled insider/outsider or partial participation. These individuals participate to some extent in the setting, rather than just sit on the sidelines, but they are not full participants. Case studies provide in-depth information about people and the possible insight into behavior, in which these can be more controlled at a later time. These types of cases provide opportunities for new techniques . Case studies also make it possible to research rare phenomena. Case studies provideShow MoreRelatedAn Ontological Positivist Assumption Discovering Consumers Understanding Of An Effective Smm1256 Words   |  6 PagesMethodology Research Design This research will be based on an ontological positivist assumption discovering consumers’ understanding of an effective SMM. This research has adopted descriptive, analytical, quantitative, inductive and applied research method. The main purpose of the research is to answer the research questions set in chapter 2. This research will focus on descriptive and analytical methods. The objective of descriptive research is to identify the subject and its attributes. For analyticalRead MoreBusiness Research Methods and Tools Essay997 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment One BUS642 Business Research Methods and Tools August 27, 2012 What is business research? Why should there be any question about the definition of research? â€Å"Business research is a process of planning, acquiring, analyzing, and disseminating relevant data, information, and insights†¦in ways that mobilize the organization to take appropriate actions that in turn, maximize performance.† (Cooper, amp; Schindler, 2011, p.4) Research is a planned and systematic process of inquiry andRead MoreBus642 - Week 1 Essay723 Words   |  3 PagesWeek One Exercises Complete Discussion Questions 1, 2, and 5 on page 22. 1. What is business research? Why should there be any question about the definition of research? Business research is a methodical process in which a company or manager recognizes a need for data in order to make effective business making decisions. â€Å"More specifically, it is a process of planning, acquiring, analyzing, and Disseminating relevant data, information, and insights to decisions makers in ways thatRead MoreResearch Process and Terminology962 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Process and Terminology Laytoya Wilson CJA/334 26 June 2011 University of Phoenix Research involves the study of something to discover facts and maybe even apply the findings in order to change something. There are two types of research, there is basic or pure research and then there is applied research, in which you really don’t need both in order to complete a study but in most cases is a good idea. Researchers have their own language, like doctors and police officers, researchersRead MoreManagement3506 Words   |  15 PagesSchool of Computing and Mathematics Faculty of BCL Request for Ethical Approval for Individual Study / Programme of Research by University Students Students conducting PG Independent Scholarship (PG IS), UG Applied Research Project (UG ARP), UG Maths Projects (UG MP) or Learning-through-Work (LTW) projects must complete this form and submit to their project supervisors for approval. After initial approval, project supervisors need to submit these forms to PG ISRead MoreConsumers Familiarity With Instagram As A Marketing Platform2064 Words   |  9 Pagescelebrity as an opinion leader †¢ Consumer’s product knowledge Introduction A shortfall acknowledged in Chapter Two found neglected aspects in research discussing a consumer’s perception to celebrities as product experts and to Instagram, as a social media marketing platform. Therefore, the study utilised the research objectives set, to discover new research into the overall attractiveness behind marketers using celebrity endorsements, in order to indicate whether they had any influence on participants’Read MoreBusiness Research : Business And Management Research1396 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Research Assignment 1 ‘Business and management research is a systematic inquiry that helps to solve business problems and contributes to management knowledge. It is an applied research.’ (Wiki) According to Easterby-Smith (2008), business and management research focuses on four factors: - Information access is very important for managers. It makes competitive advantage for them, especially in the era of information technology. - Managers need information produced by the classical research methodRead MoreWhat I Learned About Anthropology And Learned Valuable Lessons846 Words   |  4 PagesI had the pleasure of interviewing two accomplished and fascinating applied anthropologists. I chose these two anthropologists not only because Dr. Wallace recommended them, but also because they work in my fields of interest. The first interview I conducted was anthropologist Dr. Jason Lind, he is currently a qualitative health researcher for the prestigious Veterans Association. The second interview I had was with anthropologist Dr. Kathryn Kozaitis, she is currently a professor and chair at GeorgiaRead MoreApplied Behavioral Analysis993 Words   |  4 PagesApplied Behavioral Analysis Applied Behavioral Analysis Introduction Behavior Analysis emphasizes on the values and principles that explain the process of learning through the development of human beings. Behavior analysis represents scientific approach that understands behavior within the context of occurrence. One of the principles of how learning occurs is positive reinforcement. In the process of implementing reward after behavior, there is a possibility of repetition of the action in theRead More Research Methods1483 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyze of research in averagely can be accounted as an aim for understanding or a systematic study in search of information to shape or accept achievable facts. There are two mainly different ways of research. First, there is the basic research that appears not to go into the study field and the second, way is the applied research that studies given area into the aspect. It applies to resolve, understand and advance the methods and systems that are used in the search for human understanding of abnormal

Ethics In Application of Embryo Stem Cells For Research

Question: Describe about the Ethics In Application of Embryo Stem Cells For Research. Answer: Introduction: It is reasonably an ambiguity that the exposure of cells with such an immense potential for upgrading and drawing out our lives should convey with it presumably the most trenchant and unmanageable request concerning the estimation of life itself. It occurs, in a manner of speaking, at the end of the very beginning of a possible human life. These points of view have been legitimized by the morals of the innate rareness of these cells in their capacity to self-restore interminably and at the same time hold a psyche boggling ability to isolate into a cell tissue(De Wert and Mummery 2003). The Ethical and Legal Issues: The gathering of mortal stem cells that are developing disregards the last obligation as it ends up in the pulverization of the conceivable mortal lifespan. Embryonic stem cell inquire about representation of an ethical issue, as it brings into strain two essential good morals that we very esteem: the obligation to avert or reduce enduring, and the obligation to regard the estimation of human life. Would it be a good idea for us to put more focus on the principle that is in the first place, then allow dangerous developing stem unit scrutinized on account of its potential advantages? The point of foundational microorganism research (to cure infections and diminish enduring) is all around perceived as a decent point(Ishii, Pera and Greely 2013). The ethical status of the embryos used to infer immature microorganism lines is begging to be proven wrong. On the other hand, would it be advisable for us to focus more on the second principle, and disallow dangerous developing research since there is disregard of the nucleus as the absolute starting point of a conceivable human life? The question then is which rule should be given priority in this contention circumstance. Both standards can't all the while be regarded on account of embryonic stem cell looked into. What is the Moral Status of the human embryo? Full moral status after fertilization Scientists differ on this question. In any case, the criteria of personhood are comprehensively shady. This perspective can be allocated into two: considering developing lives justifying attestation just in light of the way that they are mortals or seeing them as hypothetical people. In spite of the way that different researchers, especially utilitarians, don't cogitate a fertile being ovum beforehand embedding to fulfill the standards of individualism, some take a substitute opinion (Li, Atkins and Bubela 2014). The viewpoint of the comparable purpose of thinking is that treated eggs are justifying security essentially in light of the way that they are human. They in this manner contend that if the human incipient organism may not quench the conditions for individualism, it might not have some interests for insurance furthermore as requirements may be employed instrumentally for the advantage on the general population that are people. For instance, regardless of all that we see missing people as people despite the way that they do not set up to practice the characters of individualism in their current condition. The way that every person-begun life, as a developing existence may never show us incipient organisms might be beings either. Be that as it may, we comprehend that these individuals will be able to when they find the opportunity to be cognizant over again. In spite of the way this is preposterous to demonstrate a right dividing in hominid change at which individualism is grabbed, it can be challenged that at whatsoever point the change occurs, premature pre-implantation establish developing lives may not have the intellectual, biological, eager or shrewd characters that we take up with individualism. This likelihood is moreover especially relationship subordinate: e.g. along these lines something that could change into a man ought not be ethically observed generally as it genuinely was a man. Human incipient organisms move from other human creatures not in what they are, yet rather in their time of movement. In all actuality, even with the outside guide gave, the likelihood that incipient organisms utilized for, as a bit of vitro treatment will outline into fruitful full-term births is low (McLaren 2001). In transit of outside human intercession, for case, transferal to the uterus, and on different parts, for occurrence, whether the de veloping life will embed and make to term or even on the states of considering descendants. There is no non-self-confident point, an ethically basic separating line in the range of bodily transformation amongst a developing life and a made hominid. When we started our lives as fertile eggs) we were not justifying regard. Thusly, in the event that we don't perceive insemination as an ethically convincing minute from which full confirmation ought to be ensured, there is no other correspondingly unequivocal minute. There is estimation that in its place of the termination of the strategy for treatment of the ovum, a hominid incipient organism finds the opportunity to value of assertion at around day 14 after the course of action. The incipient organism in itself can't outline into a kid without being exchanged to a lady's uterus. In the event that our lives are justifying regard just in light of the way that we are hominids, it might be a blunder to imagine at some more vigorous stage or prior time of movement (e.g. since fetuses are potential people, they should be agreed the ethical regard and adjust that personhood requires. It needs the outside manual for connecting with its change, and thusly, it doesn't have a dynamic probability to shape into an individual without offer assistance. A human fetus is an individual in the embryonic stage, for all intents and purposes as a newborn child or a pre-grown-up is a person in the baby tyke or immature stage. Disregarding the way that incipient organisms don't begin now demonstrates the characters of individualism that may be permitted to make and satisfy their prospective. Subsequently, a formative time when personhood is gotten can't be called attention to, people are seen as human creatures at their embryonic stage and moreover they're completely made to organi ze. 2) Ethical significance that begins with meriting insurance furthermore increments as the fertile ovum turns out to be more human-like A man's interest and life is secured not in light of the way that these benefits are gainful in the perspective of the world, however since they are key to the part disturbed. For instance, a seeker abandons shooting in the event that he is not certain whether the specific contradiction at which he is showing is a deer or a man. Like this, a prepared ovum before embedding in the uterus may be allowed a minor level of regard than a hominid hatchling or an envisioned infant. Adjudicating ethical standing of the fetus from its stage is creating subjective ramifications of who is hominid. The general population who consider fetuses to be people may answer that high newborn child kid mortality would not legitimize tyke executing (Panno 2014). Along these lines, the life of the human incipient organism ought to be ensured in light of the way that it has a respect to the developing life itself. We ought to be vigilant and stop the decimation of prepared eggs paying little regard to the way that we are not certain about their respectability, in light of the fact that being crude in the matter of whether a specific living thing is an individual, it would be more sensible to abstain from destroying it. There are two or three purposes in a similar situation: There are gradations of estimation of a nearness relying on the time of that existence. Thusly, if the standard procedure incorporates the flight of two or three incipient organisms for each practical delivery, the forfeiture of developing lives that happens in undeveloped cell inspected ought not extend us either. There is a symbol emerging existence disaster in pregnancy, with more than half of each and every primed ovum either dismissal to embed or are generally lost. Along these lines, there are gradations of regard that should be appeared to that lifetime at these phases. The fundamental part of the constant view is that the ethical status and the insurance of the developing life ought to increment as the prepared egg winds up being more human-like. 3) The incipient organism having no ethical status by any means, viewed as natural material, with a status the same as other body parts. The unmistakable treatment of such early fetuses is not adequately created for this. The guideline regard because of these blastocysts is the regard that ought to be given to other individuals' life. It can comparably be struggled that another human living thing (at the incipient organism stage) is just the forerunner of the living thing that the individual at long last envisioned would be. By dealing with a fetus to "end up specific cells," the developing life is kept from making in its conventional finish outline (Ross, et al. 2013). To be harmed plans to have an interest or interests beat. Since they are not the subjects of interests, such early creating lives can't be the subjects of central rights that guaranteed interests. As necessities appear to be, they have no amazing self-overseeing status by any extend of the inventive limit, and are just the property of the general open from whose body they came. Treated primate ova are just parts of other people's bodies until they go to a particular independent or free developmental stage. For a being to have a premium, this being must have emotions, wishes, desires, centers, and purposes. A pre-implantation fetus contains maybe every one of the units of the hominid body, furthermore by driving an examination no one is squashing it, yet rather basically controlling it to end up specific units and instead of others, since the phones of similar an incipient organism are still completely replicating an incipient organism and thusly keeping it from finding the opportunity to be what it was altered to twist up, a person. Being squashed can't hurt the blastocysts before implantation. The Embryonic Stem Cell Research and Religion The Orthodox, Conservative Protestant Churches, and the Roman Catholic The Orthodox Christians and additionally Conservative Protestants and Roman Catholics and announce the heavenliness of human life at all times of progress and trust that the procedure toward fair to life of hominid individualism starts with the embryo, that revolves around a formative progress that may at long last impel a human individual. There is no end that is recognized as remarkable (e.g. utilizing undeveloped units to recuperate other confined units to be related to appear to guarantee restorative method) could legitimize the obliteration of the developing life, which is recognized to be a wrong activity (Thomson 2013). Since the human fetus is recognized to have a importance of a mortal person from the beginning of the fertilization of the ovum, there is an advantage to its particular existence, and each mediation not for the developing life is an infringement of the preferred standpoint. The Less Conservative Churches As indicated by the less traditionalists' places of worship of love, the life of the developing life ought to be weighed against the conceivable favored point of view for the general populace from the incipient of an organism. In this way, they trust some developing life examined into ought to be allowed. They accept that the incipient organism has a possible hominid standing, mirroring its determined change from key units to a baby (Dunnett and Rosser 2014). They concur that life of the human developing life is honored from the start, yet there are conditions under which fetus research may be permitted going before the "primitive streak" arrange (around the fourteenth day after the arranging), reviewing the validity of certain healing conditions that could be overseen. Judaism They battle that anything, which has no motivation to be kept, is allowed without finding an explanation for its adequacy. Accordingly, any advancement that is gone for conveying advancement to the planet can't be considered as invalidating God's disclosures. The Jewish religious custom underlines the significance of the sparing existence and contemplates an indisputable objective of hominid developing undifferentiated cell research as something helpful to people. It is in like way expected that it is God who has given the ability to make new degrees of progress. Fixing in Judaism is not just allowed; it is required to be a dynamic partner on the planet's flawlessness and repair. After those hidden 40 days, the Jews trust the developing life in the uterus ought to be seen as a part of the lady until birth. They expect that man be obliged to gather and build up the world in each bearing incredible to humankind. In Judaism, the human newborn child under 40 days old and point of fact the pre-implantation fetus does not have a full human status (Li, Atkins and Bubela 2014). The Islam Religion The Muslims accept that the life is taken from the human developing life in the fortieth day after treatment where life finds the opportunity to be sacrosanct. The scientists make a capacity between a nice and a characteristic individual, putting the time of the ethical individual after the basic trimester of pregnancy. Many people in Islam perceive that developing life is agreed the prestige of a lawful individual precisely at advanced times as it progresses when it becomes a recognizable shape furthermore ponder headways show up. According to this opinion, organizing research on superfluous fetuses that is not again going to be utilized for as a bit of vitro treatment purposes instead of pounding them is picking the lesser of two obscenities. In any case, Muslim law powers contrast about whether taking in of the spirit happens in 40 or 120 days. Therapeutic advance is a solid respect, and undifferentiated cell research is pleasing in light of its strong inclinations. The lion's share of Islam scientists for many years have perceived the ethical way of child ejection in either the 40th day or the 4th month of gestation (Okano, et al. 2013). As appeared by the Muslim confidence, the supernumerary incipient organisms can't be given to different couples, as the heredity of the father must be regarded. In like way, it is taken that there is no ailment that does not have a cure, and thusly, the cure ought to be scanned for. Hinduism and Buddhism They fight that human sub-atomic parts, for occurrence, cells, are scarcely observed as human animals, along these lines their obliteration in the midst of the time spent research is not slanted to be seen as ethically topsy turvy. Regardless, since the religion places extraordinary significance on the standard of not hurting; it has weighty objections about any examination strategy or system, which consolidates annihilation of existence, be it hominid or animal. With respect to breaking down on human undifferentiated life frames, the goal is vital. Regardless of what might be ordinary, if the exploration is done just to benefitting out of it, it is considered as scheming. Thusly, Buddhism could perceive examine on non-emotional fetuses before the day 14 of their change that sees human creatures as non-people are seen as foul. Notwithstanding, the manage of non-hurting can be deciphered as precluding just the damage on individuals that is the general population who can feel. Hinduism, similar to Buddhism, forbids harming insightful creatures. Buddhism disallows damage to any man, which presents conceivable controls on incipient organism and creature inspect. The Hindu custom rejects both creatures' research and the obliteration of human developing lives (Ross, et al. 2013). Conclusion: So far, it was accepted that grown-up undifferentiated organisms were fit for passing on just a specific kind of cells: for instance, a foundational neural microorganism could outline just into cells having a place with the substantial system. Given that the farthest point of the grown-up adolescent microorganisms was changed over without the cells first experiencing an embryonic stage, the utilization of such cells would not be at hazard to the great and true blue disagreements raised by the utilization of human embryonic undeveloped cells. On the other hand, foundational neural microorganisms may be utilized to pass on required blood and bone marrow. Use of a patient's particular foundational microorganisms would evade one of the essential obstacles acted by the utilization of embryonic undeveloped cells to be specific, the danger that tissue is taken from another individual would be rejected when transplanted into a patient. A champion amongst the most enabling new advances in foundational microorganism research is the January 1999 attestation that Canadian and Italian analysts succeeded in passing on new enlist cells from energetic neural microorganisms taken from a grown-up mouse. Pros have raised worries that confirmation of the undeveloped grown-up cells can go up against various breaking points has risen as of late from studies on mice. Specialists expected that specific embryonic foundational microorganisms held the ability to shape a broad assortment of tissue in the human body. Regardless, if energetic microorganisms are taken from grown-up patients they can pass on cells and tissues arranged for working back to front and shape specific structures, new identity tissue expected that would treat a patient with Parkinson's tainting, for the event, may be conveyed from blood of undeveloped cells got from the patient's bone marrow (Puri and Nagy 2012). In like way, in remarking on this finding, the British Medical Journal commented on January 30, 1999, that all the more quickly open and less defective grown-up adolescent microorganisms might soon obscure the use of embryonic undeveloped cells. References McLaren, A., 2001. Ethical and social considerations of stem cell research. Nature,414(6859), pp.129-131. De Wert, G. and Mummery, C., 2003. Human embryonic stem cells: research, ethics and policy.Human reproduction,18(4), pp.672-682. Ishii, T., Pera, R.A.R. and Greely, H.T., 2013. Ethical and legal issues arising in research on inducing human germ cells from pluripotent stem cells.Cell Stem Cell,13(2), pp.145-148. Puri, M.C. and Nagy, A., 2012. Concise review: embryonic stem cells versus induced pluripotent stem cells: the game is on.Stem Cells,30(1), pp.10-14. Dunnett, S.B. and Rosser, A.E., 2014. Challenges for taking primary and stem cells into clinical neurotransplantation trials for neurodegenerative disease.Neurobiology of disease,61, pp.79-89. Giuliani, A., Manescu, A., Langer, M., Rustichelli, F., Desiderio, V., Paino, F., De Rosa, A., Laino, L., d'Aquino, R., Tirino, V. and Papaccio, G., 2013. Three years after transplants in human mandibles, histological and in-line holotomography revealed that stem cells regenerated a compact rather than a spongy bone: biological and clinical implications.Stem cells translational medicine,2(4), pp.316-324. Okano, H., Nakamura, M., Yoshida, K., Okada, Y., Tsuji, O., Nori, S., Ikeda, E., Yamanaka, S. and Miura, K., 2013. Steps toward safe cell therapy using induced pluripotent stem cells.Circulation research,112(3), pp.523-533. Li, M.D., Atkins, H. and Bubela, T., 2014. The global landscape of stem cell clinical trials.Regenerative medicine,9(1), pp.27-39. Ross, L.F., Saal, H.M., David, K.L., Anderson, R.R. and American Academy of Pediatrics, 2013. Technical report: ethical and policy issues in genetic testing and screening of children.Genetics in Medicine,15(3), pp.234-245. Panno, J., 2014.Stem cell research: medical applications and ethical controversy. InfoBase Publishing. Thompson, C., 2013.Good science: the ethical choreography of stem cell research. MIT Press.

Heart Of Darkness Essays (1402 words) - Congo Free State

Heart Of Darkness Part I In the novel, Second Class Citizen, the main character, Adah, is a strong, Nigerian women who faces sexism from within her own culture since she was born. She explains, ?She was a girl who had arrived when everyone was expecting and predicting a boy... She was so insignificant? (Emecheta 7). In the Ibo culture that Adah grew up in, being a girl was looked down upon. Giving birth to a boy was a major accomplishment, whereas giving birth to a girl was an equally major disappointment. Girls were taught to be useful, not intelligent: ?A year or two would do, as long as she can write her name and count. Then she will learn to sew? (Emecheta 9). In Ibo culture, girls were valued for their domestic abilities. Adah refused to be measured by this, instead she was determined to go to school and get an education. She worked had to overcome the sexist attitude that her culture held. This sexist attitude continued after she got married to Francis. Francis is a typical Ibo male. He held the view that the males should go and get educated and the female should stay home, or in Francis' case, work to support his education. Adah knew his attitude, ?The sharpness seemed to say to her: ?It is allowed for African males to come and get civilsed in England. But that privileged has not been extended to females yet'? (Emecheta 36). Francis is a pure reflection of the values held by the Ibos. All Francis wanted from Adah was money, to pay for his education, and sex: ?As far as he was concerned marriage was sex and lots of it, nothing more? (Emecheta 41). To Francis, Adah was a sexual object. As far as he was concerned, her feelings didn't matter, she was not a real person. Adah knew she was up against the enemy when she challenged Francis, but she was able to rise about he sexism and leave Francis. Not only does she go against her own culture, but she wants her children to reject the sexist attitude as well: ?My sons will learn to treat their wives as people? (Emecheta 121). Adah is a strong women who will not let herself be objectified and will not let the sexism of her culture keep her down. Adah would dislike the way that women are portrayed in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness because women are treated as though they do not belong in the real world. Women are treated as objects instead of people with thoughts and feelings. It is this treatment that Adah worked hard to overcome. Part II In Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, Marlow, the narrator of most of the story, tell the story of his journey into the Congo searching for the lost ivory trader, Mr. Kurtz. Throughout Marlow's journey, he encounters different types of women. In his encounters with his Aunt, the African women, and Mr. Kurtz's intended fiancee, Marlow shows his demeaning and sexist view of women. Marlow objectifies women depending on their race. The white European females are looked upon as domestic beings who should tend only to their home worlds, while the only African women is portrayed as a sexual object. It is this objectivity that causes Marlow to never reveal the truth about Mr. Kurtz's life and death. The first woman that we meet is Marlow's aunt. She is the one paying for his trip to the Congo, yet Marlow does not respect her views. Marlow says, ?She talked about ?weaning those ignorant millions from their horrid ways,' till, upon my word, she made me quite uncomfortable... It's queer how out of touch with women are? (Conrad 11). In essence, Marlow is saying that women are out of touch with reality, even though it is clear that his Aunt's views about Africans reflect the popular view of the time. That view being to Christianize Africa and get rid of their traditional culture. This view was held by the likes of Rudyard Kipling, Leoplod II and other prominent men of the time. Marlow does not recognizes his Aunt's views simply because she is a women and he doesn't think women belong in the real world. He says, ?They [women] live in a world of their own, and there had never been anything like it, and never can be? (Conrad 11). Marlow expresses the fact that women live in sort of a alternate universe, that is that they are out of touch with reality.

Alcoholic Teens essays

Alcoholic Teens essays When teens run into friends around town, a common question that most of us hear is Hey, what are you doing tonight? This could be answered any number of ways, but in this day and age you will probably hear about how everybody is going over to somebodys house to drink. Keggers and Jungle Juice parties are the most common, because they are cheap and will get you drunk. Keggers usually sell cups for the beer which will give you unlimited refills. Jungle Juice parties ask for a cover at the door and again you are given unlimited refills. The only difference between the two is that Keggers are beer and Jungle Juice parties are mixtures of hard alcohol. Fridays and Saturdays are prime days to go out and drink. Teens know those are the days you dont have to get up on the following morning. With that in mind, you can easily drink yourself silly causing your body to become dehydrated. This has come to be called a hangover. Hangovers can completely incapacitate you giving you any of the following; headache, nausea, diarrhea, lack of appetite, shakiness, feeling tired, and a gross-tasting mouth. These are caused by being dehydrated and by the by-products when alcohol is digested. One such by-product is acetaldehyde. Research suggests that it may be responsible for the worst of your hangover. Someone that can subject themselves to this pain every week really needs to redefine their idea of fun. It seems to have become the only thing teens can do to enjoy themselves. Days of going bowling, roller skating, and cruising in the car seem to be over. Some may still do these things, but not as often as they go to gatherings or parties. The idea to get together and socialize can still be accomplished even though you wont have a drink in your hand. Activities such as cookouts, swimming, and sports can easily take place of any alcoholic party. The fun is already included if you let yourself relax and get int...

Quality Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Quality Control - Essay Example The above example also shows the fact that there are certain parameters which can be used to measure or identify the quality level of a certain product. These are called as ‘Quality Characteristics’ by Mitra (6). These characteristics may include the aesthetics of the product, its durability, cost, utilization factor etc. 1.1. History of Quality: The sense of maintaining the quality of products and services has been existent since times immemorial. The early Egyptians, Greeks and Romans maintained quality standards in their buildings, structures, artifacts, utensils etc. The term ‘quality’ itself is however relatively newer. During the early days of industrial revolution, the need of maintaining quality in the production industry recognized but not emphasized. As a result no special workforce was designated to check the quality control. Instead, the foreman or the supervisor was the person responsible for the quality of product being made. Hence it was entir ely on his discretion what efforts he puts in order to maintain the quality standards. As the industries grew in size and the strength of personnel reporting to a particular supervisor increased in size, it became impossible for the supervisor to check the quality of each unit produced at the industry. The task of maintaining the quality was then assigned to quality inspectors. ... This moved the engineers and mathematicians to develop statistical methods of quality control. Walter Shewhart, in 1924, proposed his quality control charts which aimed at controlling the features of a product through statistical methods (Mitra 3). In 1929 he formed ‘Joint Committee for the Development of Statistical Applications in Engineering and Manufacturing’ with the support of American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM), American Society of Mechanical Engineering (ASME), American Statistical Association (ASA) and Institute of Mathematical Statistics (IMS). The committee made efforts to promote the principles of statistical quality control in the industries. The use of statistical methods in the quality control procedures gained wide acceptance in the days of World War II. Good quality machinery was vital for the armies to win battles hence quality control was essential. But large amount of weapons and machinery supplies has to be produced and every single unit cou ld not be checked for quality assurance. Hence powerful statistical methods were required for ensuring quality in industries. The rules of Sampling gained were widely accepted and implemented. The American Society of Quality Control was established in 1946 to standardize the quality control procedures 1.2. Quality Control and Six Sigma: Six Sigma is a technique used to measure the degree to which a process conforms to the consumer needs. It is based on the number of units produced that comply with the quality standards set by the organization or demanded by the customers. The method was developed by Motorola Corporation in 1986. Six Sigma basically focuses

Philadelphia Primate Head Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philadelphia Primate Head Study - Essay Example Some decades ago, the federal government had to suspend the funding of the University’s Head Injury Clinical Research Laboratory. The reigning president back then, Sheldon Hackney, further issued a directive to stop the institution’s use of animal experiments aimed at discovering the best treatment for victims of trauma-related brain damage. The directive served as a timely response to a preliminary report by the National Institute of Health (NIH) aimed at halting a particular baboon research project (Meyer 1). In my honest opinion, the use of primates in studies should be abolished because it is disrespectful to anatomy, unjust and goes against the ethics of beneficence and non-maleficence. In May 1984, Animal Liberation Front (ALF) activists intruded the deserted Philadelphia campus of The University of Pennsylvania and took several videos of animals suffering during various head tests (Orlans 71). The videos captured more than 60 hours of enforced baboon-suffering through bombarding of the primates’ heads using pistons in order to induce brain injuries. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) made claims that the videotapes showed actions of repeated violations of federal policies that govern the humane use of animals in research laboratories (Orlans 71). In the experiments, scientists disregarded the use of surgical asepsis and employed a very insignificant amount of anesthesia to the primates’ bodies. Beneficence refers to an action done for the benefit of others through prevention/removal of harm ("Beneficence vs. Nonmaleficence" par.1). The principle demands that all physicians should refrain from harming their patients. The researchers i n Philadelphia, therefore, through causing the baboons tremendous levels of pain, disregarded the need to observe the principle of beneficence. The painful act also illustrates a significant deal of injustice to the animal. I am of the opinion that, even if an animal has to die,

EU’s Fifth Action Programme Essay Example for Free

EU’s Fifth Action Programme Essay The introduction of European Union’s Fifth Action Programme into the continent pollution control mechanism has wide range benefits, several of which will be discussed in subsequent sections of this paper. Indeed, the application of the programme will completely change how people in the continent deal with pollution issues. One reason for this change is fact that most of pollution control measures would be done at the grassroots level as opposed to the traditional model of having measures develop and implemented at national and continental level. In explaining benefits of the programme, the paper is divided into five sections, each of which addresses a specific benefit. I. Creation of Responsibility Culture Decentralisation of solution to pollution issues in EU will lead to situation where individuals at the local level take responsibility for pollution problems in their respective localities. In this regard, it would be possible to develop measures that in line with local demands. This is because members of local community understand bets what could be ailing their environment. In addition, having an understanding that there’ll never be outside help will create a culture of responsibility among locals. This could be achieved through preventative measures ensuring that pollution is avoided in the first place, or even minimise effects minimal pollution that might occur. Individual communities and households will that start depending on themselves in matter pertaining to controlling pollutions. This is because they will understand that solutions would only come from local efforts. This factor has the benefit of cultivating competition between communities, because they would have been equalised under the programme. Such competition has the potential of leading to less pollution as communities try to out do each other on the ones that are more prosperous in terms of being pollution free. All this would lead to increasingly pollution free communities facilitated by residents themselves. By implementing the programme, individual communities and countries would not have anyone to blame for the status of their environment’s pollution levels. The involvement of people shall be a boon to stakeholder initiatives directed at reducing pollution. This is because people and groups shall feel freer in dealing with issues that have for many years been preserves of governmental organisations. In addition, stakeholder groups that have been pushing for individual efforts in the protection of environment in localities will now start becoming active. It has to be understood that localised stakeholder groups help individuals in societies to come together to develop initiatives that lead to better communities. Fact that the EU Fifth Action Program will provide them with a voice is indeed of great importance. In addition, individuals that are not in a position to participate in stakeholder groups will be free to develop their own mechanisms to control pollution in their own neighbourhoods. This can even be doe at the family level, where members of the same family join hands in protecting their small environment from pollution. Doing this in several private properties enable the creation of pollution free neighbourhoods. Fact that all this would be done through initiatives developed at local levels is something to be desired, because, as discussed later in the paper, policymakers at national and regional level would be able to concentrate on other pressing matters. Other than leading to productivity in the protection of protecting environment at local level, the programme is also a vital tool of education member of public that it is possible to make changes in their communities without depending too much on the European Union. People in the region will further understand that they have power to make changes. At the end, the mentality that successful measures can only be achieved through intervention of national and regional authorities will be demolished completely. This will lead to the genesis if self dependency in solving pressing issues at local levels without rushing to authorities for help. II. End Paternalism Application of the program in pollution control will also help members of public understand the role of European Union in their day-to-day lives. At it currently happens, members of the public in the region might tend to think that EU exists to solve problems like pollution. In this regard, the people will have to understand that EU’s environmental mechanisms are developed to help member countries harmonise their frameworks. In other words, member countries come together and help develop best frameworks to deal with environmental issues; it is up to the countries and their citizens implement these mechanisms and ensure of they are working. Fact that paternalism has become popular in most European countries could be leading to mentality that EU exists to improve lives of member country citizens. The application this program may help in the process of disseminating that mentality completely. In this regard, people will stop looking for top to bottom solutions in their problems and thus developing bottom to top solutions. In addition, leaders at the local level would feel empowered to lead their congregation in ways that would directly benefit the local community. This new process of solution finding would be good because it has the capabilities of developing preventative measures in the first place. The localisation of decision making processes would also help communities adapt to changes that get effected in the process implementing policy changes. This is a great move from the traditional frameworks that has tasked national governments with responsibilities of helping community members at the lowest level adapt to policy changes. In the new model, it shall be up to local leaders and authorities to help the community. This has positive gains because people have easy access to leadership that would help them in the process. Having the leaders being located close to the people will also improve passage of information between stakeholders, and with it deliver the desired message to the people. As mentioned earlier, the localisation of decision making and policy implementation would lead to competition between communities has the advantage of resulting to greater efficiency. The comparison of performance between communities would help in understanding best practices in the localities would help the areas performing poorly to copy from best performers. This copying from the best would help in the implementation of pollution policies, because each locality would take best practices and tailor them in accordance to local demands, which would be a shift from the traditional model of having one size fits all mechanisms developed at regional and national levels.

EU’s Fifth Action Programme Essay Example for Free

EU’s Fifth Action Programme Essay The introduction of European Union’s Fifth Action Programme into the continent pollution control mechanism has wide range benefits, several of which will be discussed in subsequent sections of this paper. Indeed, the application of the programme will completely change how people in the continent deal with pollution issues. One reason for this change is fact that most of pollution control measures would be done at the grassroots level as opposed to the traditional model of having measures develop and implemented at national and continental level. In explaining benefits of the programme, the paper is divided into five sections, each of which addresses a specific benefit. I. Creation of Responsibility Culture Decentralisation of solution to pollution issues in EU will lead to situation where individuals at the local level take responsibility for pollution problems in their respective localities. In this regard, it would be possible to develop measures that in line with local demands. This is because members of local community understand bets what could be ailing their environment. In addition, having an understanding that there’ll never be outside help will create a culture of responsibility among locals. This could be achieved through preventative measures ensuring that pollution is avoided in the first place, or even minimise effects minimal pollution that might occur. Individual communities and households will that start depending on themselves in matter pertaining to controlling pollutions. This is because they will understand that solutions would only come from local efforts. This factor has the benefit of cultivating competition between communities, because they would have been equalised under the programme. Such competition has the potential of leading to less pollution as communities try to out do each other on the ones that are more prosperous in terms of being pollution free. All this would lead to increasingly pollution free communities facilitated by residents themselves. By implementing the programme, individual communities and countries would not have anyone to blame for the status of their environment’s pollution levels. The involvement of people shall be a boon to stakeholder initiatives directed at reducing pollution. This is because people and groups shall feel freer in dealing with issues that have for many years been preserves of governmental organisations. In addition, stakeholder groups that have been pushing for individual efforts in the protection of environment in localities will now start becoming active. It has to be understood that localised stakeholder groups help individuals in societies to come together to develop initiatives that lead to better communities. Fact that the EU Fifth Action Program will provide them with a voice is indeed of great importance. In addition, individuals that are not in a position to participate in stakeholder groups will be free to develop their own mechanisms to control pollution in their own neighbourhoods. This can even be doe at the family level, where members of the same family join hands in protecting their small environment from pollution. Doing this in several private properties enable the creation of pollution free neighbourhoods. Fact that all this would be done through initiatives developed at local levels is something to be desired, because, as discussed later in the paper, policymakers at national and regional level would be able to concentrate on other pressing matters. Other than leading to productivity in the protection of protecting environment at local level, the programme is also a vital tool of education member of public that it is possible to make changes in their communities without depending too much on the European Union. People in the region will further understand that they have power to make changes. At the end, the mentality that successful measures can only be achieved through intervention of national and regional authorities will be demolished completely. This will lead to the genesis if self dependency in solving pressing issues at local levels without rushing to authorities for help. II. End Paternalism Application of the program in pollution control will also help members of public understand the role of European Union in their day-to-day lives. At it currently happens, members of the public in the region might tend to think that EU exists to solve problems like pollution. In this regard, the people will have to understand that EU’s environmental mechanisms are developed to help member countries harmonise their frameworks. In other words, member countries come together and help develop best frameworks to deal with environmental issues; it is up to the countries and their citizens implement these mechanisms and ensure of they are working. Fact that paternalism has become popular in most European countries could be leading to mentality that EU exists to improve lives of member country citizens. The application this program may help in the process of disseminating that mentality completely. In this regard, people will stop looking for top to bottom solutions in their problems and thus developing bottom to top solutions. In addition, leaders at the local level would feel empowered to lead their congregation in ways that would directly benefit the local community. This new process of solution finding would be good because it has the capabilities of developing preventative measures in the first place. The localisation of decision making processes would also help communities adapt to changes that get effected in the process implementing policy changes. This is a great move from the traditional frameworks that has tasked national governments with responsibilities of helping community members at the lowest level adapt to policy changes. In the new model, it shall be up to local leaders and authorities to help the community. This has positive gains because people have easy access to leadership that would help them in the process. Having the leaders being located close to the people will also improve passage of information between stakeholders, and with it deliver the desired message to the people. As mentioned earlier, the localisation of decision making and policy implementation would lead to competition between communities has the advantage of resulting to greater efficiency. The comparison of performance between communities would help in understanding best practices in the localities would help the areas performing poorly to copy from best performers. This copying from the best would help in the implementation of pollution policies, because each locality would take best practices and tailor them in accordance to local demands, which would be a shift from the traditional model of having one size fits all mechanisms developed at regional and national levels.

EU’s Fifth Action Programme Essay Example for Free

EU’s Fifth Action Programme Essay The introduction of European Union’s Fifth Action Programme into the continent pollution control mechanism has wide range benefits, several of which will be discussed in subsequent sections of this paper. Indeed, the application of the programme will completely change how people in the continent deal with pollution issues. One reason for this change is fact that most of pollution control measures would be done at the grassroots level as opposed to the traditional model of having measures develop and implemented at national and continental level. In explaining benefits of the programme, the paper is divided into five sections, each of which addresses a specific benefit. I. Creation of Responsibility Culture Decentralisation of solution to pollution issues in EU will lead to situation where individuals at the local level take responsibility for pollution problems in their respective localities. In this regard, it would be possible to develop measures that in line with local demands. This is because members of local community understand bets what could be ailing their environment. In addition, having an understanding that there’ll never be outside help will create a culture of responsibility among locals. This could be achieved through preventative measures ensuring that pollution is avoided in the first place, or even minimise effects minimal pollution that might occur. Individual communities and households will that start depending on themselves in matter pertaining to controlling pollutions. This is because they will understand that solutions would only come from local efforts. This factor has the benefit of cultivating competition between communities, because they would have been equalised under the programme. Such competition has the potential of leading to less pollution as communities try to out do each other on the ones that are more prosperous in terms of being pollution free. All this would lead to increasingly pollution free communities facilitated by residents themselves. By implementing the programme, individual communities and countries would not have anyone to blame for the status of their environment’s pollution levels. The involvement of people shall be a boon to stakeholder initiatives directed at reducing pollution. This is because people and groups shall feel freer in dealing with issues that have for many years been preserves of governmental organisations. In addition, stakeholder groups that have been pushing for individual efforts in the protection of environment in localities will now start becoming active. It has to be understood that localised stakeholder groups help individuals in societies to come together to develop initiatives that lead to better communities. Fact that the EU Fifth Action Program will provide them with a voice is indeed of great importance. In addition, individuals that are not in a position to participate in stakeholder groups will be free to develop their own mechanisms to control pollution in their own neighbourhoods. This can even be doe at the family level, where members of the same family join hands in protecting their small environment from pollution. Doing this in several private properties enable the creation of pollution free neighbourhoods. Fact that all this would be done through initiatives developed at local levels is something to be desired, because, as discussed later in the paper, policymakers at national and regional level would be able to concentrate on other pressing matters. Other than leading to productivity in the protection of protecting environment at local level, the programme is also a vital tool of education member of public that it is possible to make changes in their communities without depending too much on the European Union. People in the region will further understand that they have power to make changes. At the end, the mentality that successful measures can only be achieved through intervention of national and regional authorities will be demolished completely. This will lead to the genesis if self dependency in solving pressing issues at local levels without rushing to authorities for help. II. End Paternalism Application of the program in pollution control will also help members of public understand the role of European Union in their day-to-day lives. At it currently happens, members of the public in the region might tend to think that EU exists to solve problems like pollution. In this regard, the people will have to understand that EU’s environmental mechanisms are developed to help member countries harmonise their frameworks. In other words, member countries come together and help develop best frameworks to deal with environmental issues; it is up to the countries and their citizens implement these mechanisms and ensure of they are working. Fact that paternalism has become popular in most European countries could be leading to mentality that EU exists to improve lives of member country citizens. The application this program may help in the process of disseminating that mentality completely. In this regard, people will stop looking for top to bottom solutions in their problems and thus developing bottom to top solutions. In addition, leaders at the local level would feel empowered to lead their congregation in ways that would directly benefit the local community. This new process of solution finding would be good because it has the capabilities of developing preventative measures in the first place. The localisation of decision making processes would also help communities adapt to changes that get effected in the process implementing policy changes. This is a great move from the traditional frameworks that has tasked national governments with responsibilities of helping community members at the lowest level adapt to policy changes. In the new model, it shall be up to local leaders and authorities to help the community. This has positive gains because people have easy access to leadership that would help them in the process. Having the leaders being located close to the people will also improve passage of information between stakeholders, and with it deliver the desired message to the people. As mentioned earlier, the localisation of decision making and policy implementation would lead to competition between communities has the advantage of resulting to greater efficiency. The comparison of performance between communities would help in understanding best practices in the localities would help the areas performing poorly to copy from best performers. This copying from the best would help in the implementation of pollution policies, because each locality would take best practices and tailor them in accordance to local demands, which would be a shift from the traditional model of having one size fits all mechanisms developed at regional and national levels.

being independent Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Graduating and getting out on your own is a difficult step to make. There are a lot of things that you have to take into perspective. The choices that you make when you get out of highschool believe it or not are crucial and life altering. Decisions that you have to make are ones like what you want your career to be, where you want to live, and a big decision is buying a house. In making these decisions you have to do a lot of research and things to be prepared. I did a lot of research in hopes of finding a career that I would like and three things that I could see myself doing was owning my own spa ($100,000 yearly salary), managing a spa($60,000 yearly salary), or being an Esthetician. After thinking long and hard about it however, I decided I would like to be en Esthetician. An Esthetician is a person who gives care to skin in a non-medical way. An Esthetician makes a decent amount of money which is important to have if I want to be able to afford a house.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being an Esthetician would be fun because I enjoy working with people and I am good at working with them. I am also good with my hands which is necessary in my job Making other people feel better about themselves makes me feel better about myself. One set back in that job however would have to be foot fungus. Feet aren?t my favorite thing on the human body especially with any kind of fungus on them. Going into a job that has a high paying salary often requires experience or schooling. I would have to take classes and work hard to get my license so that it is easier for me to find a job. To become an Esthetician it is only required to have at least 17 weeks of classes which would cost under $1,000.00 and at the end of the classes I would graduate with my license in esthetics. I looked at job offers and have came to the conclusion that if I was an Esthetician I would make an estimated amount of $50,000.00 a year. That salary however can vary depending on your qualit ies and experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I plan on living in Long Beach, California and the reason being is I have always had the desire to live near the beach. Living far away I would have to take into consideration transportation. Being on my own requires you to be financially stable. So I figured out that if I had a 2002 Jeep Gand Cherokee La... ... in Long Beach which is a wealthy town. So the price of my house is very reasonable for the area I am going to be living in. It could be cheaper to take out a 20 year loan and pay $100 a month more which would cover the interest but with my salary it is better for me to take a 30 year loan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I asked myself two questions at the beginning of this project, one being what if I run out of equity on my home with a reverse mortgage? I found that answer on www.google.com and it said that you can?t run out of money and they can not force you to move out of your home. Another question was, when I am old if I have to go to a nursing home what will happen to my house? That answer was also found on www.google.com and it was that if you are moved out for a year or longer then my home can be sold. All of these things and more have to be considered before you even buy a house. So researching and taking your time thinking about every detail is extremely important. You want to be able to afford what you have and still have money to save or spend at your discretion. I hope that one day this bit of research gives me some backing for when I actually do move out on my own.

Measuring Customer Satisfaction at ImageStream Essay

ImageStream Internet Solutions, Inc. is a privately held company in its 9th year of operation. ImageStream engineers, manufactures, and distributes Linux-based routing products for network and Internet applications. ImageStream products are used by Internet service providers (ISPs), governments, schools, and businesses in more than 75 countries around the world. As ImageStream moves toward its next decade, market forces require it, like most high technology companies, to be fast and responsive. The company faces constant change in demands and needs along with the pressures of mission creep in the face of limited resources. It is against this backdrop that ImageStream started its ISO 9000:2000 certification process. This process requires not only the implementation of quality processes, but measurement of their efficacy as well. ImageStream conducts key manager meetings twice monthly, and a company-wide review on a semi-annual basis. During these managerial and company reviews, the senior executives identify key metrics driving the success of the company’s mission, including those metrics that would benefit most from significant improvement. This proposal outlines the use of a customer satisfaction survey and seeks to answer the management question: What is the current customer satisfaction with the level and type of customer service provided by ImageStream? The study will explore the conceptual framework of service quality, the positive and negative impacts of service quality on ImageStream, and the effect of favorable and unfavorable customer intentions on perceived quality using survey research. Armed with the statistical analyses outlined below, the operations management team will identify current trends in customer satisfaction in a proactive attempt to resolve to any issues. Background and Literature Review The study and development of customer service techniques and customer  retention management programs has blossomed into its own industry. This increasing focus on customer satisfaction is not surprising, given the positive correlation between happy customers and successful companies illustrated in countless marketing research studies. This study will outline the relationship between customer satisfaction with service and customer retention at ImageStream. To support the findings, we will conduct an empirical study focusing on the relationship between perceived service quality and customer intentions. Weinstein and Johnson (1999) recommend that companies like ImageStream should spend â€Å"75% of its marketing budget on customer retention strategies† and to strengthen these relationships. Once customers commit to a product platform, and the longer they use and deploy that platform, the more profit ImageStream can realize. Longstanding, satisfied customers will generally continue, or often increase, purchasing, require less operational and customer service support, and be more willing to pay price premiums to remain with the company–all without incurring new customer acquisition costs (Pine, Peppers, and Rogers, 1995). This paper will analyze how ImageStream’s service relationship with its customers produces customer behaviors indicating whether or not a customer will remain an ImageStream customer. The methodology used will follow Zeithaml, Berry and Parasuraman’s study on this topic (1996). Since replacing lost customers requires new customer acquisition costs, customer retention should be a fundamental performance measure for ImageStream’s executive staff and a key component of the company’s incentive programs (Zeithaml et al., 1996). According to the American Management Association, acquiring a new customer can require five times the investment needed to keep an existing customer (Weinstein et al., 1999). Literature Review Customer service, not surprisingly, has been researched extensively: from the conceptual framework of service quality, to the positive and negative impacts of service quality, to the effect of favorable and unfavorable  customer intentions on perceived quality. We review these concepts in recent literature, and investigate an empirical study focusing on the relationship between service quality and customer behavioral intentions (Zeithaml et al., 1996). Zeithaml, Berry and Parasuraman (1996) offer a conceptual model of service quality. The researchers postulate that the quality of customer service will determine whether a company retains its customers or loses them to defection. Zeithaml, Berry and Parasuraman (1996) highlight seven key points: 1.Customer defection has a negative relationship with an organization’s profitability. 2.Retaining current customers costs less than acquiring new ones. 3.Customer retention should be a fundamental component of incentive programs. 4.Companies must advertise not only to attract new customers, but to replace lost customers. 5.Advertising, promotion, and sales costs are required expenses when attracting new customers. 6.In general, at the beginning of a customer/vendor relationship, the customers do not generate a profit for the company. Zeithaml, Berry and Parasuraman estimate that acquisition cost recovery can take as long as four years. 7.Positive customer assessments of service quality lead to positive behavioral intentions, strengthening the relationship between the customer and the company. Negative assessments, on the other hand, create unfavorable customer behavioral intentions. The unfavorable conditions weaken the customer/vendor relationship. Based on their research and observations, Zeithaml, Berry and Parasuraman  (1996) believe that expressed or observed behavioral intentions can indicate whether or not customers will remain with an organization. Reinartz and Kumar (2000) challenge Zeithaml, Berry and Parasuraman’s assertions that customer retention always leads well-managed companies to profitability. Reinartz and Kumar (2000) argue that long-term customers are not always the most profitable customers, and dismiss research assuming that loyalty equates with profitability as a gross oversimplification. Reinartz and Kumar (2000) contend that managers should not automatically assume increased lifetime spending, decreased costs of service, and decreased price sensitivity for long-term retained customers. Reinartz and Kumar (2000) go further in also disputing the idea that long-term retained customers require lesser marketing investment by companies. Their research concluded that long-term customers often have inactive purchasing periods unrelated to their retention by an organization (Reinartz and Kumar, 2000). During these dormant periods, these customers are at best a break-even proposition for organizations, and often consume marketing and service resources resulting in net losses during periods of inactivity. Reinartz and Kumar (2000) found that short-term customers may be as significant to customers as longtime clients. Other research indicates that organizations struggling with a single approach to satisfy all customers can end up with â€Å"inefficient and inappropriate levels of service† (Cohen, Cull, Lee and Willen, 2000). Cohen, Cull, Lee and Willen (2000) conclude that organizations must customize their service to meet each customer’s individual needs. Superior service generates favorable behavioral intentions in customers, including increased future spending, acceptance of price premiums, â€Å"word of mouth† referrals, and, ultimately, customer retention (Zeithaml et al., 1996). Research suggests that most employees have a â€Å"true customer orientation† in that they understand their customers’ needs, and possess empathy and respect for their customers (Bitner, Booms and Mohr, 1994). Quality service builds customer faith in the organization, and â€Å"is essential for maintaining competitive advantage† (Berry, Parasuraman and Zeithaml, 1994). Since quality customer service can generate positive behavioral intentions, quality service strategies are effectively profit strategies for organizations. Research illustrates this link between service and profitability, as Keaveney (1995) found that customer defections can cost an organization future revenue stream. As customers’ intentions toward a company improve, the results include new customers, increased business with existing customers, fewer lost customers, and added pricing power (Berry et al., 1994). Berry and Parasuraman (1997) stress the creation of customer feedback channels as a component of quality service. Listening and responding to the customer’s needs in a quality way has a â€Å"direct effect on the quality of service provided† (Berry and Parasuraman, 1997). This focus on customer feedback drove the purpose of this series of papers. Evidence, such as Keaveney’s study, highlighting the role customer loyalty plays in making an organization more profitable makes it imperative that companies quickly and proactively address concerns, complaints and other unfavorable behavioral intentions among their customers (Tax, Brown and Chandrashekar, 1998). Tax, Brown and Chandrashekar’s point also applies in a comparative sense as well. Organizations can potentially provide satisfactory service that nonetheless lags other competitors’ service offerings. In these cases, customers may defect because of the attraction of comparatively superior service offerings from a competitor. Managers of service departments and service companies must recognize this comparative measure, and realize that some customers will defect even when they are satisfied with a former provider (Keaveney, 1995). Customers display favorable intentions such as praising the company, expressing a preference for the company to the company or to other consumers, continuing and/or increasing purchasing volumes, paying price premiums, and making recommendations to others based on their satisfaction with the company (Zeithaml et al., 1996). Satisfied customers stay loyal to an organization longer, pay less attention to competitive products, exhibit less price sensitivity, offer service improvement or expansion ideas to the organization and cost less to service over time than new customers (Weinstein et al., 1999). When dissatisfied, customers display unfavorable intentions such as expressing an eagerness to leave the organization, decreasing purchase patterns, voicing complaints to the vendor, complaining to others, or taking legal action against the organization (Zeithaml et al., 1996). When customers do leave an organization, many choose to do so quietly with the intention of â€Å"getting even by making negative comments† to others about the organization (Tax and Brown, 1998). Since defecting customers can impact current and future revenue streams, properly identifying dissatisfied customers and understanding why customers defect can be valuable tools in improving customer retention management programs. Companies must implement strategies to overcome potential customer defections. Retention efforts should begin as soon as organizations acquire new customers. The organization should proactively attempt to learn and address customer needs and resolve any complaints or concerns quickly (Weinstein et al., 1999). Weinstein et al. (1999) suggest several ways to build loyalty and increase favorable behavioral intentions in customers. They suggest that organizations could embed sales staff at the offices of their best customers, participate in their customer’s events or promotional efforts, interview their customer’s customers, conduct retreats with major customers to share best practices and to train customers on company products and services, develop a preferred customer pricing strategy, reward customers for referring new business, solicit feedback on product development roadmaps, and even partner with key accounts on industry research projects (Weinstein et al., 1999). SERVQUAL Among the most popular assessments tools of service quality is SERVQUAL, an instrument designed by Berry, Parasuraman, and Zeithaml (1994). Through numerous qualitative studies, they evolved a set of five dimensions ranked consistently by customers as central to service quality, regardless of the  service industry. Berry, Parasuraman, and Zeithaml (1994) defined these dimensions as: *Tangibles: the appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel, and communication materials; *Reliability: an ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately; *Responsiveness: a willingness to help customers and provide prompt service; *Assurance: the knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey trust and confidence; and *Empathy: the caring, individualized attention the firm provides its customers. Based on the five SERVQUAL dimensions, the researchers also developed a survey instrument to measure the gap between customers’ expectation for excellence and their perception of actual service delivered. The SERVQUAL instrument helps service providers understand both customer expectations and perceptions of specific services, as well as quality improvements over time (Berry, Parasuraman, and Zeithaml, 1988). Analysis of customer responses to a SERVQUAL questionnaire presents numerous potential practical implications for companies and their customer service teams. Scope We will conduct a study of all ImageStream customers (the â€Å"population†) by e-mailing or mailing a questionnaire to companies listed in ImageStream’s internal records. The study will take less than one month to complete. We will contact all customers and direct them to the on-line survey, and follow up with customers who have not responded after two weeks. We will end the study after four weeks, and expect 25%-30% participation. We base this estimate on the response rate of similar studies mentioned above. A response  rate of at least 10% will yield a significant sample, enabling us to make conclusive findings and recommendations. Methodology We identify three determinants of customer satisfaction with ImageStream: service quality, solution quality, and price (through a measure of perceived value). Data on customer satisfaction, service quality, solution quality and price will be collected through the attached questionnaire survey. The questionnaire adapts the SERVQUAL instrument developed by Berry, Parasuraman and Zeithaml (1998) and uses a combination of Likert-scaled, dichotomous and unstructured questions. The use of both bipolar Likert/dichotomous and unstructured questions allows us to benefit from the strengths of both quantitative and qualitative research. The use of quantitative questions allows us to obtain a high degree of reliability and validity using the scientific method, and enables others to more easily repeat or replicate our study. The qualitative questions provide background for customer responses, and help to identify any underlying issues highlighted by the quantitative research. Triangulation, in this case the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, allows us to overcome the weakness of using only one research technique. We do not assume that there is only one reality and believe that different research methods will reveal different perspectives. Using quantitative and qualitative triangulation allows us to use different sets of data, different types of analyses, different researchers, and/or different theoretical perspectives to study customer service. The quantitative question results will provide data that we can subject to complex statistical analyses. We will combine the quantitative question responses to determine central tendencies and dispersion of the data, including measures of mean, standard error, median, mode, standard deviation, variance, kurtosis, skewness, and range. We will analyze the  results of each question and of the study as a whole. Based on the results of the analysis above, we will develop regressions to identify potential relationships between past service experiences, perceived quality, future purchasing behavior, and loyalty. A possible research design for the regression analysis follows. H1: There is a positive correlation between the level of superior customer service and positive future customer behavior. H2: There is a negative or no correlation between the level of superior customer service and positive future customer behavior. H3: There is a positive correlation between the level of inferior customer service and negative future customer behavior. H4: There is a negative or no correlation between the level of inferior customer service and negative future customer behavior. Using these results, we can make conclusions about the management problem defined above. Development of these findings will include the use of anecdotal evidence from the qualitative questions in the survey. We will use the responses to the qualitative questions to support the quantitative findings, and to highlight key issues not covered by the quantitative portions of the survey. Possible Findings Following Zeithaml, Berry and Parasuraman (1996), we believe that a positive relationship exists between quality service and positive customer behavior as defined above. Additionally, we believe that our research will show that favorable customer behavioral intentions will be higher among customers experiencing no service problems. Customers who have experience problems, but received service to resolve them will show the next highest level. Customers with unresolved service problems will show the least favorable  behavioral intentions. Conclusion Customer service and its effect on customer retention in an organization is a growing area of research, and one that is vital to maintaining quality at ImageStream. This paper examined customer retention and defection from an organization in the context of customer service quality, exploring four areas: 1.A conceptual framework of how service quality affects particular customer behaviors and the consequences for ImageStream, establishing the purpose for this study, 2.Empirical studies that focused on the relationship between service quality and customer behavioral intentions, 3.A triangulated quantitative and qualitative survey to study perceived service levels among ImageStream customers, 4.Follow-on research based on the survey results and statistical analysis, including a summary of expected findings Customer retention branches off into many other significant areas such as value-added services, supply chain relationships, use of information systems to service customers better, and very importantly perceived and expected performance. Organizations have a chance to learn from their customers. The more customers teach the company the more effective it becomes at providing exactly what they want and the more difficult it is for competitors to lure them away from the organization (Pine II et al., 1995). Learning about customers is what this whole retention topic is about. The customers tell the organization what to do to keep them. The strategy is for the organization to learn how to listen and respond. References Anton, J. (1996). Customer Relationship Management: Making Hard Decisions with Soft Numbers. New York: Prentice Hall. Berry, L., Parasuraman, A. and Zeithaml, V. (1988). A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and its Implications for Future Research. The Academy of Management Executive, 8, 32-52. Berry, L. and Parasuraman, A. (1997). Listening to the Customer: The Concept of a Service-Quality Information System. Sloan Management Review, 38, 65-76. Berry, L., Parasuraman, A. and Zeithaml, V. (1994). Improving Service Quality in America: Lessons Learned. The Academy of Management Executive, 8, 32-52. Bitner, M., Booms, B. and Mohr, L. (1994). Critical Service Encounters: The Employee’s Viewpoint. Journal of Marketing, 58, 95-106. Chase, R. and Stewart, D. (1994). Make Your Service Failsafe. Sloan Management Review, 35, 35-44. Cohen, M., Cull, C., Lee, H. and Willen, D. (2000). Saturn’s Supply-Chain Cooper, D. and Schindler, P. (2002). Business Research Methods (6th ed.). Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Cronin Jr., Joseph J. and Taylor, S. (1992). Measuring Service Quality: A Reexamination and Extension. Journal of Marketing, 56, 55-68. Heskett, J., Jones, T., Loveman, G., Sasser, W., and Schlesinger, L. (1994, March-April). Putting the Service-Profit Chain to Work. Harvard Business Review, 164-174. Innovation: High Value After-Sales. Sloan Management Review, 41, 93. Joppe, M. (n.d.). The Research Process. Retrieved January 12, 2004 from http://www.ryerson.ca/~mjoppe/rp.htm Keaveney, S. (1995). Customer Switching Behavior in Service Industries: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Marketing, 59, 71-82. Pine II, J., Peppers, D. and Rogers, M. (1995). Do You Want to Keep Your Customers Forever? Harvard Business Review, 73, 103-114. Pitt, L., Watson, R., Kavan, C. (1997). Measuring Information Systems Service Quality: Concerns for a complete canvas. MIS Quarterly, 21, 209-221. Reinartz, Werner J. and Kumar, V. (2000). On the Profitability of Long-Life Customers in a Noncontractual Setting: An Empirical Investigation and Implications for Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 64, 17. Tax, S. and Brown, S. (1998). Recovering and learning from service failures. Sloan Management Review, 40, 75-88. Tax, S., Brown, S.and Chandrashekar, M. (1998). Customer evaluations of service complaint experiences: implications for relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 62, 60-76. Van Dyke, T., Kappelman, L., and Prybutok, V. (1997, June). Measuring Information Systems Service Quality: Concerns on the use of the SERVQUAL questionnaire. MIS Quarterly, 21, 195-208. Weinstein, Art and Johnson, W. (1999). Designing and Delivering Superior Customer Value: Concepts, Cases, and Applications. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Whyte, G., Bytheway, A., and Edwards, C. (1997). Understanding User Perceptions of Information Systems Success. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 6, 35-68. Zeithaml, V., Berry, L. and Parasuraman, A. (1996). The Behavioral Consequences of Service Quality. Journal of Marketing, 60, 31-46.